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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Bhutan’s Approach to Public Administration from Modernisation to the New Millennium

verfasst von : Lhawang Ugyel

Erschienen in: Paradigms and Public Sector Reform

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, the ideal type typology is used to examine the characteristics of Bhutan’s public administration at different stages of its history and development. This chapter focuses on the characteristics of Bhutan’s public administration since the modernisation of the country from the 1950s and 1960s until 2006, that is, the year when Position Classification System (PCS) was implemented in Bhutan. It also provides a historical description of Bhutan’s public administration. The examination of each of the characteristics of Bhutan’s public administration from 1960 to 2006 demonstrates that, initially, Bhutan’s public administration had traits of the patronage system. From the 1960s, efforts were made to incorporate characteristics of traditional public administration (TPA) with the introduction of the first set of civil service rules in 1972 and the cadre system in 1990.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Ideal Types in Public Administration

Nächstes Kapitel The Position Classification System and Bhutan’s Public Administration in a New Era of Governance

The title Zhabdrung literally translates to “at whose feet one submits”, and Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyel was the prince-abbot of Ralung Monastery in Tibet. He was recognised as

the reincarnation of the great Drukpa scholar Pema Karpo (b.1527–1592), who in turn, was supposed to be the reincarnation of Tsangpa Gyare Yeshe Dorje (b.1161–1211), the founder of the Drukpa Kargyupa school (Pommaret 1997a). Due to a problem that arose with the legitimacy of the reincarnation, he was forced to escape from his competitor who was supported by the Tsang Desi, the ruler of Tsang province in Tibet.

In western Bhutan the predominant sects were the Lhapa Kagyupa sect, the Drukpa Kargyupa, Nyingmapas and the Nenyingpas, Barawas, the Chagzampas and the Sakyapas. In central and eastern Bhutan, the dominant religious sect was the Nyingmapas, followed by the Drukpa Kargyupa.

The First Five-year Plan (1961–1966) had a total budget outlay of Ngultrum 174.7 million, and in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2008–2013), the total budget was Nu.143.6 billion (figures acquired from the Gross National Happiness Commission website, www.gnhc.bt).

The history of the Royal Advisory Council, although it was introduced formally in the mid-1960s as an advisory body to the king, can be traced back to the State Council (lhengye tshok) created by the Zhabdrung (Mathou 1999).

The regional administrative set-up is dzongkhag (district) divided into gewog (block) and which is further subdivided into chiwog (village). Some larger dzongkhags have dungkhags (subdistricts).

The four ministries were: (i) Finance; (ii) Home Affairs; (iii) Trade, Commerce and Industry; and (iv) Foreign Affairs.

The ten ministries were: (i) Home and Cultural Affairs; (ii) Agriculture; (iii) Trade and Industries; (iv) Foreign Affairs; (v) Labour and Human Resources; (vi) Works and Human Settlement; (vii) Information and Communications; (viii) Health; (ix) Education; and (x) Finance.

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Titel: Bhutan’s Approach to Public Administration from Modernisation to the New Millennium
verfasst von: Lhawang Ugyel
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Paradigms and Public Sector Reform
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40279-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-40280-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40280-2_4