Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research 9/2019

01.09.2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Bio-inspired multiple complementary hydrogen bonds enhance the miscibility of conjugated polymers blended with polystyrene derivatives

verfasst von: Bo-Han Mao, Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy, Shiao-Wei Kuo

Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research | Ausgabe 9/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this study, we prepared bio-inspired multiple-hydrogen-bonded blends of a thymine (T)-functionalized PTC-T conjugated polymer, synthesized through Suzuki coupling polymerization, and an adenine (A)-functionalized polystyrene (PVBA) homopolymer, synthesized through free radical polymerization, in each case applying also alkylene–azide click reactions. The resulting PTC-T/PVBA blends displayed a single glass transition temperature at all blend compositions (as determined using differential scanning calorimetry), suggesting that the miscibility arose because of the strong multiple hydrogen bonding between the A and T groups of the PVBA and PTC-T components, respectively. 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy provided evidence for such A–T binary hydrogen bonding in the PTC-T/PVBA miscible domains, both in solution and in the solid state. Furthermore, the incorporation of PVBA into PTC-T affected the photophysical properties of the luminescent film: the physically crosslinked structure formed from the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions improved the quantum yield through phase-miscible behavior.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim GH, Lee D, Shanker A, Kwon MS, Gidley D, Kim J, Pipe KP (2015) High thermal conductivity in amorphous polymer blends by engineered interchain interactions. Nat Mater 14:295–300PubMed Kim GH, Lee D, Shanker A, Kwon MS, Gidley D, Kim J, Pipe KP (2015) High thermal conductivity in amorphous polymer blends by engineered interchain interactions. Nat Mater 14:295–300PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim T, Kim JH, Kang TE, Lee C, Kang H, Shin M, Wang C, Ma B, Jeong U, Kim TS, Kim BJ (2015) Flexible, highly efficient all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 6:8547PubMed Kim T, Kim JH, Kang TE, Lee C, Kang H, Shin M, Wang C, Ma B, Jeong U, Kim TS, Kim BJ (2015) Flexible, highly efficient all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 6:8547PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lai SM, Liu YH, Huang CT, Don TM (2017) Miscibility and toughness improvement of poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) blends using a melt-induced degradation approach. J Polym Res 24:102 Lai SM, Liu YH, Huang CT, Don TM (2017) Miscibility and toughness improvement of poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) blends using a melt-induced degradation approach. J Polym Res 24:102
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown EA, Rider DA (2017) Pegylated Polybenzoxazine networks with increased thermal stability from miscible blends of Tosylated poly(ethylene glycol) and a Benzoxazine monomer. Macromolecules 50:6468–6481 Brown EA, Rider DA (2017) Pegylated Polybenzoxazine networks with increased thermal stability from miscible blends of Tosylated poly(ethylene glycol) and a Benzoxazine monomer. Macromolecules 50:6468–6481
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu SY, Lin YC, Kuo SW (2012) Separated coil and chain aggregation behaviors on the miscibility and helical peptide secondary structure of poly(tyrosine) with poly(4-vinyl pyridine). Macromolecules 45:6457–6556 Lu SY, Lin YC, Kuo SW (2012) Separated coil and chain aggregation behaviors on the miscibility and helical peptide secondary structure of poly(tyrosine) with poly(4-vinyl pyridine). Macromolecules 45:6457–6556
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Deimede V, Voyiatzis GA, Kallitsis JK, Qingfeng L, Bjerrum NJ (2000) Miscibility behavior of polybenzimidazole/sulfonated polysulfone blends for use in fuel cell applications. Macromolecules 33:7609–7617 Deimede V, Voyiatzis GA, Kallitsis JK, Qingfeng L, Bjerrum NJ (2000) Miscibility behavior of polybenzimidazole/sulfonated polysulfone blends for use in fuel cell applications. Macromolecules 33:7609–7617
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Don TM, Liao KH (2018) Studies on the alcoholysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and the synthesis of PHB-b-PLA block copolymer for the preparation of PLA/PHB-b-PLA blends. J Polym Res 25:38 Don TM, Liao KH (2018) Studies on the alcoholysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and the synthesis of PHB-b-PLA block copolymer for the preparation of PLA/PHB-b-PLA blends. J Polym Res 25:38
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman MM, Painter PC (1995) Hydrogen Bonded Polymer blends. Prog Polym Sci 20:1–59 Coleman MM, Painter PC (1995) Hydrogen Bonded Polymer blends. Prog Polym Sci 20:1–59
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW (2008) Hydrogen-Bonding in Polymer Blends. J Polym Res 15:459–486 Kuo SW (2008) Hydrogen-Bonding in Polymer Blends. J Polym Res 15:459–486
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW (2012) Miscibility enhancement of polymer blends through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. In functional polymer blends: synthesis, properties and performance, Ed. Vikas Mittal, Taylor & Francis, Chapter 2, 27–52 Kuo SW (2012) Miscibility enhancement of polymer blends through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. In functional polymer blends: synthesis, properties and performance, Ed. Vikas Mittal, Taylor & Francis, Chapter 2, 27–52
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai CC, Gan Z, Chen T, Kuo SW (2018) Competitive hydrogen bonding interactions influence the secondary and hierarchical self-assembled structures of polypeptide-based triblock copolymers. Macromolecules 51:3017–3029 Tsai CC, Gan Z, Chen T, Kuo SW (2018) Competitive hydrogen bonding interactions influence the secondary and hierarchical self-assembled structures of polypeptide-based triblock copolymers. Macromolecules 51:3017–3029
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Flory PJ (1978) Statistical thermodynamics of mixtures of rodlike particles. 5. Mixtures with random coils. Macromolecules 11:1138–1141 Flory PJ (1978) Statistical thermodynamics of mixtures of rodlike particles. 5. Mixtures with random coils. Macromolecules 11:1138–1141
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams M, Dogic Z, Keller SL, Farden S (1998) Entropically driven microphase transitions in mixtures of colloidal rods and spheres. Nature 393:349–352 Adams M, Dogic Z, Keller SL, Farden S (1998) Entropically driven microphase transitions in mixtures of colloidal rods and spheres. Nature 393:349–352
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Heitz T, Rohrback P, Hocker H (1989) Rigid rods with flexible side chains-A route to molecular reinforcement? Macromol Chem 190:3295–3316 Heitz T, Rohrback P, Hocker H (1989) Rigid rods with flexible side chains-A route to molecular reinforcement? Macromol Chem 190:3295–3316
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Jenekhe SA, Chen XL (1999) Self-assembly of ordered microporous materials from rod-coil block copolymers. Science 283:372–375PubMed Jenekhe SA, Chen XL (1999) Self-assembly of ordered microporous materials from rod-coil block copolymers. Science 283:372–375PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee M, Cho BK, Zin WC (2001) Supramolecular structures from rod−coil block copolymers. Chem Rev 101:3869–3892PubMed Lee M, Cho BK, Zin WC (2001) Supramolecular structures from rod−coil block copolymers. Chem Rev 101:3869–3892PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ince O, Akyol E, Sulu E, Sanal T, Hazer B (2015) Synthesis and characterization of novel rod-coil (tadpole) poly(linoleic acid) based graft copolymers. J Polym Res 23:5 Ince O, Akyol E, Sulu E, Sanal T, Hazer B (2015) Synthesis and characterization of novel rod-coil (tadpole) poly(linoleic acid) based graft copolymers. J Polym Res 23:5
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen TH, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen VQ, Phan LNT, Zhang G, Yokozawa T, Phung DTT, Nguyen HT (2018) Synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) based rod–coil conjugated block copolymers via photoinduced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 9:2484 Nguyen TH, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen VQ, Phan LNT, Zhang G, Yokozawa T, Phung DTT, Nguyen HT (2018) Synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) based rod–coil conjugated block copolymers via photoinduced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 9:2484
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW, Chen CJ (2011) Using hydrogen bonding interactions to control the peptide secondary structures and miscibility behavior of poly(L-glutamates)s with phenolic resin. Macromolecules 44:7315–7326 Kuo SW, Chen CJ (2011) Using hydrogen bonding interactions to control the peptide secondary structures and miscibility behavior of poly(L-glutamates)s with phenolic resin. Macromolecules 44:7315–7326
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW, Chen CJ (2012) Functional polystyrene derivatives influence the miscibility and helical peptide secondary structures of poly(benzyl l-glutamate). Macromolecules 45:2442–2452 Kuo SW, Chen CJ (2012) Functional polystyrene derivatives influence the miscibility and helical peptide secondary structures of poly(benzyl l-glutamate). Macromolecules 45:2442–2452
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu SY, Kuo SW (2015) Miscible polypeptide blends of Polytyrosine and poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate) with rigid-rod conformations. RSC Adv 5:88539–88547 Lu SY, Kuo SW (2015) Miscible polypeptide blends of Polytyrosine and poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate) with rigid-rod conformations. RSC Adv 5:88539–88547
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cambridge G, Gonzalez-Alvarez MJ, Guerin G, Manners I, Winnik MA (2015) Solution self-assembly of blends of crystalline-coil Polyferrocenylsilane-block-polyisoprene with Crystallizable Polyferrocenylsilane Homopolymer. Macromolecules 48:707–716 Cambridge G, Gonzalez-Alvarez MJ, Guerin G, Manners I, Winnik MA (2015) Solution self-assembly of blends of crystalline-coil Polyferrocenylsilane-block-polyisoprene with Crystallizable Polyferrocenylsilane Homopolymer. Macromolecules 48:707–716
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohamed MG, Cheng CC, Lin YC, Huang CW, Lu FH, Chang FC, Kuo SW (2014) Synthesis and self-assembly of water soluble Polythiophene-grafted-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers. RSC Adv 4:21830–21839 Mohamed MG, Cheng CC, Lin YC, Huang CW, Lu FH, Chang FC, Kuo SW (2014) Synthesis and self-assembly of water soluble Polythiophene-grafted-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers. RSC Adv 4:21830–21839
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu FH, Mohamed MG, Liu TF, Chao CC, Kuo SW (2015) A facile Cosolvent/chelation method for the preparation of semi-crystalline CuCl2(ethylene glycol)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) complexes displaying specific luminescence properties. RSC Adv 5:87723–87729 Lu FH, Mohamed MG, Liu TF, Chao CC, Kuo SW (2015) A facile Cosolvent/chelation method for the preparation of semi-crystalline CuCl2(ethylene glycol)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) complexes displaying specific luminescence properties. RSC Adv 5:87723–87729
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Salunkhe PH, Patil YS, Patil VB, Navale YH, Dhole IA, Ubale VP, Maldar NN, Ghanwat AA (2018) Synthesis and characterization of conjugated porous polyazomethines with excellent electrochemical energy storage performance. J Polym Res 25:147 Salunkhe PH, Patil YS, Patil VB, Navale YH, Dhole IA, Ubale VP, Maldar NN, Ghanwat AA (2018) Synthesis and characterization of conjugated porous polyazomethines with excellent electrochemical energy storage performance. J Polym Res 25:147
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu S, He P, Hussain S, Lu H, Zhou X, Lu F, Liu L, Dai Z, Wang S (2018) Conjugated polymer-based Photoelectrochemical Cytosensor with turn-on enable signal for sensitive cell detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:6618–6623PubMed Liu S, He P, Hussain S, Lu H, Zhou X, Lu F, Liu L, Dai Z, Wang S (2018) Conjugated polymer-based Photoelectrochemical Cytosensor with turn-on enable signal for sensitive cell detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:6618–6623PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang YS, Cheng CC, Ye YS, Yen YC, Chang FC (2012) Bioinspired photo-cross-linked nanofibers from uracil-functionalized polymers. ACS Macro Lett 1:159–162 Wang YS, Cheng CC, Ye YS, Yen YC, Chang FC (2012) Bioinspired photo-cross-linked nanofibers from uracil-functionalized polymers. ACS Macro Lett 1:159–162
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang YS, Cheng CC, Chen JK, Ko FH, Chang FC (2013) Bioinspired supramolecular fibers for mercury ion adsorption. J Mater Chem A 1:7745–7750 Wang YS, Cheng CC, Chen JK, Ko FH, Chang FC (2013) Bioinspired supramolecular fibers for mercury ion adsorption. J Mater Chem A 1:7745–7750
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Vohra V, Giovanella U, Tubino R, Murata H, Botta C (2011) Electroluminescence from conjugated polymer electrospun nanofibers in solution processable organic light-emitting diodes. ACS Nano 5:5572–5578PubMed Vohra V, Giovanella U, Tubino R, Murata H, Botta C (2011) Electroluminescence from conjugated polymer electrospun nanofibers in solution processable organic light-emitting diodes. ACS Nano 5:5572–5578PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Xin Y, Huang ZH, Yan EY, Zhang W, Zhao Q (2006) Controlling poly(−phenylene vinylene)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite nanofibers in different morphologies by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett 89:053101 Xin Y, Huang ZH, Yan EY, Zhang W, Zhao Q (2006) Controlling poly(−phenylene vinylene)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite nanofibers in different morphologies by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett 89:053101
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW, Cheng RS (2009) DNA-like interactions enhance the miscibility of supramolecular polymer blends. Polymer 50:177–188 Kuo SW, Cheng RS (2009) DNA-like interactions enhance the miscibility of supramolecular polymer blends. Polymer 50:177–188
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW, Tsai ST (2009) Complementary multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions increase the glass transition temperatures to PMMA copolymer mixtures. Macromolecules 42:4701–4711 Kuo SW, Tsai ST (2009) Complementary multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions increase the glass transition temperatures to PMMA copolymer mixtures. Macromolecules 42:4701–4711
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SW, Hsu CH (2010) Miscibility enhancement of supramolecular polymer blends through complementary multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. Polym Int 59:998–1005 Kuo SW, Hsu CH (2010) Miscibility enhancement of supramolecular polymer blends through complementary multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. Polym Int 59:998–1005
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu YC, Kuo SW (2012) Complementary multiple hydrogen bonding interactions mediate the self-assembly of supramolecular structures from thymine-containing block copolymers and Hexadecyladenine. Polym Chem 3:3100–3111 Wu YC, Kuo SW (2012) Complementary multiple hydrogen bonding interactions mediate the self-assembly of supramolecular structures from thymine-containing block copolymers and Hexadecyladenine. Polym Chem 3:3100–3111
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu YC, Bastakoti BP, Pramanik M, Yamauchi Y, Kuo SW (2015) Multiple hydrogen bonding mediates the formation of multicompartment micelles and hierarchical self-assembled structures from pseudo A-block-(B-graft-C) terpolymers. Polym Chem 6:5110–5124 Wu YC, Bastakoti BP, Pramanik M, Yamauchi Y, Kuo SW (2015) Multiple hydrogen bonding mediates the formation of multicompartment micelles and hierarchical self-assembled structures from pseudo A-block-(B-graft-C) terpolymers. Polym Chem 6:5110–5124
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CW, Wu PW, Su WH, Zhu CY, Kuo SW (2016) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials: photo-tunable and molecular recognition behavior. Polym Chem 7:795–806 Huang CW, Wu PW, Su WH, Zhu CY, Kuo SW (2016) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials: photo-tunable and molecular recognition behavior. Polym Chem 7:795–806
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Su WJ, Wu YS, Wang CF, Kuo SW (2018) Self-assembled structures of Diblock copolymer/Homopolymer blends through multiple complementary hydrogen bonds. Crystals 8:330 Su WJ, Wu YS, Wang CF, Kuo SW (2018) Self-assembled structures of Diblock copolymer/Homopolymer blends through multiple complementary hydrogen bonds. Crystals 8:330
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang KW, Wu YR, Kuo SW (2013) From random coil polymers to helical structures induced by carbon nanotubes and supramolecular interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 34:1530–1536PubMed Huang KW, Wu YR, Kuo SW (2013) From random coil polymers to helical structures induced by carbon nanotubes and supramolecular interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 34:1530–1536PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CW, Chang FC, Chu YL, Lai CC, Lin TE, Zhu CY, Kuo SW (2015) A solvent-resistant Azide-based hole injection/transporting conjugated polymer for fluorescence and phosphorescence light-emitting diodes. J Mater Chem C 3:8142–8151 Huang CW, Chang FC, Chu YL, Lai CC, Lin TE, Zhu CY, Kuo SW (2015) A solvent-resistant Azide-based hole injection/transporting conjugated polymer for fluorescence and phosphorescence light-emitting diodes. J Mater Chem C 3:8142–8151
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW (2017) Water-soluble fluorescent nanoparticles from supramolecular Amphiphiles featuring Heterocomplementary multiple hydrogen Bondings. Macromolecules 50:7091–7101 Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW (2017) Water-soluble fluorescent nanoparticles from supramolecular Amphiphiles featuring Heterocomplementary multiple hydrogen Bondings. Macromolecules 50:7091–7101
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW (2018) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular conjugated polymer with Phototunable surface relief grating. Polym Chem 9:2813–2820 Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW (2018) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular conjugated polymer with Phototunable surface relief grating. Polym Chem 9:2813–2820
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang KW, Kuo SW (2013) High-Heteronucleobase-content polystyrene copolymers prepared using click chemistry form supramolecular structures with melamine through complementary multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. Macromol Chem Phys 213:1509–1519 Huang KW, Kuo SW (2013) High-Heteronucleobase-content polystyrene copolymers prepared using click chemistry form supramolecular structures with melamine through complementary multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. Macromol Chem Phys 213:1509–1519
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwei T (1984) The effect of hydrogen bonding on the glass transition temperatures of polymer mixtures. J Polym Sci Polym Lett Ed 22:307–313 Kwei T (1984) The effect of hydrogen bonding on the glass transition temperatures of polymer mixtures. J Polym Sci Polym Lett Ed 22:307–313
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu YS, Wu YC, Kuo SW (2014) Thymine- and adenine-functionalized polystyrene form self-assembled structures through multiple complementary hydrogen bonds. Polymers 6:1827–1845 Wu YS, Wu YC, Kuo SW (2014) Thymine- and adenine-functionalized polystyrene form self-assembled structures through multiple complementary hydrogen bonds. Polymers 6:1827–1845
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamauchi K, Kanomata A, Inoue T, Long TE (2004) Thermoreversible polyesters consisting of multiple hydrogen bonding (MHB). Macromolecules 37:3519–3522 Yamauchi K, Kanomata A, Inoue T, Long TE (2004) Thermoreversible polyesters consisting of multiple hydrogen bonding (MHB). Macromolecules 37:3519–3522
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia M, Beecham MP, Kempe K, Haddleton DM, Khan A, Marsh A (2015) Water soluble triblock and pentablock poly(methacryloyl nucleosides) from copper-mediated living radical polymerisation using peg macroinitiators. Eur Polym J 66:444–451 Garcia M, Beecham MP, Kempe K, Haddleton DM, Khan A, Marsh A (2015) Water soluble triblock and pentablock poly(methacryloyl nucleosides) from copper-mediated living radical polymerisation using peg macroinitiators. Eur Polym J 66:444–451
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng CC, Huang CF, Yen YC, Chang FC (2008) A “plug and play” polymer through biocomplementary hydrogen bonding. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46:6416–6424 Cheng CC, Huang CF, Yen YC, Chang FC (2008) A “plug and play” polymer through biocomplementary hydrogen bonding. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46:6416–6424
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng CC, Wang YS, Chang FC, Lee DJ, Yang LC, Chen JK (2015) Supramolecular assembly-induced enhanced emission of electrospun nanofibers. Chem Commun 51:672–675 Cheng CC, Wang YS, Chang FC, Lee DJ, Yang LC, Chen JK (2015) Supramolecular assembly-induced enhanced emission of electrospun nanofibers. Chem Commun 51:672–675
Metadaten
Titel
Bio-inspired multiple complementary hydrogen bonds enhance the miscibility of conjugated polymers blended with polystyrene derivatives
verfasst von
Bo-Han Mao
Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
Shiao-Wei Kuo
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2019
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Polymer Research / Ausgabe 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1875-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2019

Journal of Polymer Research 9/2019 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.