nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Biochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuels

verfasst von : Swetha Mahalaxmi, Clint Williford

Erschienen in: Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Biomass can provide both hydrocarbon fuels and chemical compounds such as alcohols, gums, sugars, lipid-based products, etc. Biomass-derived fuels have acquired a lot of attention during recent years because of the abundance of supply of resources and lower green house gas emissions. Grasses, agricultural residues, animal residues and waste, used oils, etc., can be used as starting materials in the production of biofuels. Ethanol and biodiesel have found greatest application and contribute significantly to fuels. However, there is growing interest in other alternatives: hydrogen, methane, butanol, renewable diesel, and petroleum compatible fuels from advanced catalytic biotech processes. Characteristics of various feedstocks and fuels, processes for conversion of biomass to biofuels, the physical, chemical factors, and limitations affecting the conversion of biomass to fuels are discussed in this chapter. Process parameters include pH, temperature, and residence time. Additionally, chemical parameters include carbon source, nutrients, acid and alkaline hydrolysis agents, and phenolic inhibitors and sugars generated within the process. Several limitations to bioconversion of biomass are described such as size reduction, crystallinity, byproduct inhibition to fermentation, deactivation of cellulases, ethanol tolerance by yeast, and cofermentation of various sugars. Recent innovations and future developments in recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering are aimed at overcoming limitations to bioconversion. Understanding the limitations and applying suitable biotechnological applications will support future developments for producing biofuels.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Biomass as Feedstock

Nächstes Kapitel Thermal Conversion of Biomass

Åhman M (2010) Biomethane in the transport sector-an appraisal of the forgotten option. Energy Policy 1:208–217CrossRef

Alizadeh H, Teymouri F, Gilbert T et al (2005) Pretreatment of switchgrass by ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:1133–1141CrossRef

Almeida JRM, Modig T, Petersson A et al (2007) Increased tolerance and conversion of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 4:340–349CrossRef

Alternative energy. http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/biofuels/. Accessed 8 Aug 2011

Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M et al (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresour Technol 13:4851–4861CrossRef

Alzate-Gaviria LM, Sebastian PJ, Pérez-Hernández A et al (2007) Comparison of two anaerobic systems for hydrogen production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and synthetic wastewater. Int J Hydrog Energy 15:3141–3146CrossRef

Al-Zuhair S (2007) Production of biodiesel: possibilities and challenges. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 1:57–66CrossRef

Al-Zuhair S, Hasan M, Ramachandran KB (2003) Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil by lipase. Process Biochem 8:1155–1163CrossRef

Aminifarshidmehr N (1996) The management of chronic suppurative otitis media with acid media solution. Otol Neurotol 1:24–25

Anand RC, Singh R (1993) A simple technique, charcoal coating around the digester, improves biogas production in winter. Bioresour Technol 2:151–152CrossRef

Atsumi S, Liao JC (2008) Metabolic engineering for advanced biofuels production from Escherichia coli. Curr Opin Biotechnol 5:414–419CrossRef

Azzam AM (1989) Pretreatment of cane bagasse with alkaline hydrogen peroxide for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and ethanol fermentation. J Environ Sci Health B 4:421–433CrossRef

Balat M (2007) Global bio-fuel processing and production trends. Energy Explor Exploit 3:195–218CrossRef

Banerjee S, Mudliar S, Sen R et al (2010) Commercializing lignocellulosic bioethanol: technology bottlenecks and possible remedies. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 1:77–93CrossRef

Bansal NK (1988) A techno-economic assessment of solar assisted biogas systems. Energy Sources 4:213–229CrossRef

Basu HN, Norris ME (1996) Process for production of esters for use as a diesel fuel substitute using a non-alkaline catalyst. US Patent 5,525,126

Benjamin MM, Woods SL, Ferguson JF (1984) Anaerobic toxicity and biodegradability of pulp mill waste constituents. Water Res 5:601–607CrossRef

Bobleter O (1994a) Hydrothermal degradation of polymers derived from plants. Prog Polym Sci 5:797–841CrossRef

Bobleter O (1994b) Hydrothermal degradation of polymers derived from plants. Elsevier, Kidlington

Brownell HH, Yu EKC, Saddler JN (1986) Steam-explosion pretreatment of wood: effect of chip size, acid, moisture content and pressure drop. Biotechnol Bioeng 6:792–801CrossRef

Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC et al (2008) Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi

Chang V, Holtzapple M (2000) Fundamental factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:5–37CrossRef

Chisti Y (1996) Biotechnology advances. In: Wyman CE (ed) Handbook on bioethanol: production and utilization. Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC

Delgenes JP, Penaud V, Moletta R (2003) Pretreatments for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of solid wastes. ChemInform 34(13). doi:10.1002/chin.200313271

Dodic S, Popov S, Dodic J et al (2009) Bioethanol production from thick juice as intermediate of sugar beet processing. Biomass Bioenergy 5:822–827CrossRef

Du W, Xu Y, Liu D et al (2004) Comparative study on lipase-catalyzed transformation of soybean oil for biodiesel production with different acyl acceptors. J Mol Catal B Enzym 3–4:125–129CrossRef

Dürre P (2007) Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel. Biotechnol J 12:1525–1534CrossRef

Dürre P (2008) Fermentative butanol production. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1:353–362CrossRef

Eggeman T, Elander RT (2005) Process and economic analysis of pretreatment technologies. Bioresour Technol 18:2019–2025CrossRef

Fan LT, Gharpuray MM, Lee YH (1987) Cellulose hydrolysis. Springer, BerlinCrossRef

Feldman D (1985) Wood-chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions, by D. Fengel and G. Wegener, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, 1984, 613 pp. Price: 245 DM. J Polym Sci 11:601–602

Fjerbaek L, Christensen KV, Norddahl B (2009) A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification. Biotechnol Bioeng 5:1298–1315CrossRef

García V, Päkkilä J, Ojamo H et al (2011) Challenges in biobutanol production: how to improve the efficiency? Renew Sust Energy Rev 2:964–980CrossRef

Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (1999) Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 3:191–202CrossRef

Gogerty DS, Bobik TA (2010) Formation of isobutene from 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate by diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(24):8004–8010CrossRef

Goldemberg J, Coelho ST, Guardabassi P (2008) The sustainability of ethanol production from sugarcane. Energy Policy 6:2086–2097CrossRef

Gregg D, Saddler J (1996) A techno-economic assessment of the pretreatment and fractionation steps of a biomass-to-ethanol process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:711–727CrossRef

Hallenbeck PC, Ghosh D (2009) Advances in fermentative biohydrogen production: the way forward? Trends Biotechnol 5:287–297CrossRef

Hartmann H, Ahring BK (2000) Increase of anaerobic degradation of particulate organic matter in full-scale biogas plants by mechanical maceration. Water Sci Technol 3:145–153

Helwani Z, Othman MR, Aziz N et al (2009) Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: a review. Fuel Process Technol 12:1502–1514CrossRef

Hendriks ATWM, Zeeman G (2009) Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 1:10–18CrossRef

Huo Y-X, Cho KM, Lafontaine Rivera JG, Monte E, Shen CR, Yan Y, Liao JC (2011) Conversion of proteins into biofuels by engineering nitrogen flux. Nat Biotechnol 29:346–351CrossRef

Jansson C, Wullschleger SD, Kalluri UC et al (2010) Phytosequestration: carbon biosequestration by plants and the prospects of genetic engineering. Bioscience 9:685–696CrossRef

Jung K-W, Kim D-H, Shin H-S (2011) Fermentative hydrogen production from Laminaria japonica and optimization of thermal pretreatment conditions. Bioresour Technol 3:2745–2750CrossRef

Kalia AK, Singh SP (1998) Horse dung as a partial substitute for cattle dung for operating family-size biogas plants in a hilly region. Bioresour Technol 1:63–66CrossRef

Kaparaju P, Serrano M, Thomsen AB et al (2009) Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresour Technol 9:2562–2568CrossRef

Kassim EA, El-Shahed AS (1986) Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of certain cellulosic materials. Agric Waste 3:229–233CrossRef

Kongjan P, Min B, Angelidaki I (2009) Biohydrogen production from xylose at extreme thermophilic temperatures (70°C) by mixed culture fermentation. Water Res 5:1414–1424CrossRef

Kongjan P, O-Thong S, Kotay M et al (2010) Biohydrogen production from wheat straw hydrolysate by dark fermentation using extreme thermophilic mixed culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 5:899–908

Koskinen PEP, Lay C-H, Puhakka JA et al (2008) High-efficiency hydrogen production by an anaerobic, thermophilic enrichment culture from an Icelandic hot spring. Biotechnol Bioeng 4:665–678CrossRef

Koutrouli EC, Kalfas H, Gavala HN et al (2009) Hydrogen and methane production through two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion of olive pulp. Bioresour Technol 15:3718–3723CrossRef

Kumar R, Singh S, Singh O (2008) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical and molecular perspectives. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 5:377–391CrossRef

Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ et al (2009) Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res 8:3713–3729CrossRef

Laser M, Schulman D, Allen SG et al (2002) A comparison of liquid hot water and steam pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse for bioconversion to ethanol. Bioresour Technol 1:33–44CrossRef

Lee SK, Chou H, Ham TS et al (2008a) Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for biofuels production: from bugs to synthetic biology to fuels. Curr Opin Biotechnol 6:556–563CrossRef

Lee J-W, Koo B-W, Choi J-W et al (2008b) Evaluation of waste mushroom logs as a potential biomass resource for the production of bioethanol. Bioresour Technol 8:2736–2741CrossRef

Lee SY, Park JH, Jang SH et al (2008c) Fermentative butanol production by Clostridia. Biotechnol Bioeng 2:209–228CrossRef

Lee H, Choi S (2015) An origami paper-based bacteria-powered battery. Nano Energy 15:549–557CrossRef

Liu L, Sun J, Li M et al (2009) Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and structural features of corn stover by FeCl3 pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 23:5853–5858CrossRef

Mabee WE, Saddler JN (2009) Bioethanol from lignocellulosics: status and perspectives in Canada. Bioresour Technol 13:4806–4813

Maeda RN, Serpa VI, Rocha VAL et al (2011) Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugar cane bagasse using Penicillium funiculosum and Trichoderma harzianum cellulases. Process Biochem 5:1196–1201CrossRef

Mahalaxmi S, Jackson C, Williford C et al (2010) Estimation of treatment time for microbial preprocessing of biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 5:1414–1422CrossRef

McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol 1:37–46CrossRef

Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour Technol 6:841–846CrossRef

Miao Z, Grift TE, Hansen AC et al (2011) Energy requirement for comminution of biomass in relation to particle physical properties. Ind Crop Prod 2:504–513CrossRef

Mohagheghi A, Evans K, Chou Y-C et al (2002) Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by genomic DNA-integrated xylose/arabinose fermenting strain of Zymomonas mobilis AX101. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:885–898CrossRef

Mohanty SK, Behera S, Swain MR et al (2009) Bioethanol production from mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flowers by solid-state fermentation. Appl Energy 5:640–644CrossRef

Mosier N, Hendrickson R, Ho N et al (2005a) Optimization of pH controlled liquid hot water pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 18:1986–1993CrossRef

Mosier N, Wyman C, Dale B et al (2005b) Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 6:673–686CrossRef

Murphy JD, McCarthy K (2005) The optimal production of biogas for use as a transport fuel in Ireland. Renew Energy 14:2111–2127CrossRef

Nelson DL, Cox MM (2008) Lehninger principles of biochemistry. W. H Freeman, New York

Oliva J, Sáez F, Ballesteros I et al (2003) Effect of lignocellulosic degradation compounds from steam explosion pretreatment on ethanol fermentation by thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:141–153CrossRef

Palmqvist E, Hahn-Hägerdal B (2000) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. I: inhibition and detoxification. Bioresour Technol 1:17–24CrossRef

Pan X, Xie D, Gilkes N et al (2005) Strategies to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated softwood with high residual lignin content. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:1069–1079CrossRef

Panalotov I, Verger R (2000) Enzymatic reactions at interfaces: interfacial and temporal organization of enzymatic hydrolysis. In: Baszkin A, Norde W (eds) Physical chemistry of biological interfaces. Marcel Dekker, New York

Park MJ, Jo JH, Park D et al (2010) Comprehensive study on a two-stage anaerobic digestion process for the sequential production of hydrogen and methane from cost-effective molasses. Int J Hydrog Energy 12:6194–6202CrossRef

Pattra S, Sangyoka S, Boonmee M et al (2008) Bio-hydrogen production from the fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Clostridium butyricum. Int J Hydrog Energy 19:5256–5265CrossRef

Pavlostathis SG, Gossett JM (1985) Alkaline treatment of wheat straw for increasing anaerobic biodegradability. Biotechnol Bioeng 3:334–344CrossRef

Power NM, Murphy JD (2009) Which is the preferable transport fuel on a greenhouse gas basis; biomethane or ethanol? Biomass Bioenergy 10:1403–1412CrossRef

Prakasham RS, Brahmaiah P, Sathish T et al (2009) Fermentative biohydrogen production by mixed anaerobic consortia: impact of glucose to xylose ratio. Int J Hydrog Energy 23:9354–9361CrossRef

Qureshi N, Meagher MM, Hutkins RW (1999) Recovery of butanol from model solutions and fermentation broth using a silicalite/silicone membrane. J Membr Sci 1–2:115–125CrossRef

Rastogi S, Dwivedi UN (2008) Manipulation of lignin in plants with special reference to O-methyltransferase. Plant Sci 3:264–277CrossRef

Rupar K, Sanati M (2005) The release of terpenes during storage of biomass. Biomass Bioenergy 1:29–34CrossRef

Ryu WH, Bai S-J, Park JS, Huang Z, Moseley J, Fabian T, Fasching RJ, Grossman AR, Prinz FB (2010) Direct extraction of photosynthetic electrons from single algal cells by nanoprobing system. Nano Lett 10(4):1137–1143CrossRef

Saha BC (2004) Lignocellulose biodegradation and applications in biotechnology. In: Saha BC, Hayashi K (eds) Lignocellulose biodegradation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DCCrossRef

Sánchez ÓJ, Cardona CA (2008) Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 13:5270–5295CrossRef

Schuchardt U, Sercheli R, Vargas RM (1998) Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review. J Braz Chem Soc 9(1):199–210

Seiffert M, Kaltschmitt M, Miranda JA (2009) The biomethane potential in Chile. Biomass Bioenergy 4:564–572CrossRef

Shi Y, Zhao X-T, Cao P et al (2009) Hydrogen bio-production through anaerobic microorganism fermentation using kitchen wastes as substrate. Biotechnol Lett 9:1327–1333CrossRef

Shuler ML, Kargi F (2008) Bioprocess engineering basic concepts. Prentice Hall International Series, New York

Silverstein RA, Chen Y, Sharma-Shivappa RR et al (2007) A comparison of chemical pretreatment methods for improving saccharification of cotton stalks. Bioresour Technol 16:3000–3011CrossRef

Sun Y, Cheng J (2002) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresour Technol 1:1–11CrossRef

Taherzadeh M, Karimi K (2008) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: a review. Int J Mol Sci 9:1621–1651CrossRef

Tengborg C, Stenberg K, Galbe M et al (1998) Comparison of SO₂and H₂SO₄ impregnation of softwood prior to steam pretreatment on ethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1:3–15CrossRef

Tran NH, Bartlett JR, Kannangara GSK et al (2010) Catalytic upgrading of biorefinery oil from micro-algae. Fuel 2:265–274CrossRef

Venturi P, Gigler JK, Huisman W (1999) Economical and technical comparison between herbaceous (Miscanthus × giganteus) and woody energy crops (Salix viminalis). Renew Energy 1–4:1023–1026CrossRef

Wallecha A, Mishra S (2003) Purification and characterization of two [beta]-glucosidases from a thermo-tolerant yeast Pichia etchellsii. Biochim Biophys Acta 1649(1):74–84CrossRef

Watanabe Y, Shimada Y, Sugihara A et al (2002) Conversion of degummed soybean oil to biodiesel fuel with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. J Mol Catal B Enzym 3–5:151–155CrossRef

Wukovits W, Schnitzhofer W et al (2009) Fuels – hydrogen production, biomass: fermentation. In: Dyer CK, Moseley PT, Ogumi Z, Rand DAJ, Scrosati B, Garche J (eds) Encyclopedia of electrochemical power sources. Elsevier, Amsterdam

Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander RT et al (2005) Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies. Bioresour Technol 18:1959–1966CrossRef

Xiao W, Clarkson WW (1997) Acid solubilization of lignin and bioconversion of treated newsprint to methane. Biodegradation 1:61–66CrossRef

Xu Z, Wang Q, Jiang Z et al (2007) Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated soybean straw. Biomass Bioenergy 2–3:162–167CrossRef

Yadvika S, Sreekrishnan TR et al (2004) Enhancement of biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques-a review. Bioresour Technol 1:1–10CrossRef

Yang B, Wyman CE (2008) Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low-cost cellulosic ethanol. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 1:26–40CrossRef

Yang Z, Guo R, Xu X et al (2010) Enhanced hydrogen production from lipid-extracted microalgal biomass residues through pretreatment. Int J Hydrog Energy 18:9618–9623CrossRef

Zhu H, Stadnyk A, Béland M et al (2008) Co-production of hydrogen and methane from potato waste using a two-stage anaerobic digestion process. Bioresour Technol 11:5078–5084CrossRef

Titel: Biochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuels
verfasst von: Swetha Mahalaxmi
Clint Williford
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14408-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-14409-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14409-2_26