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2010 | Buch

Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Modification, Processing and Applications

verfasst von: Prof. Jie Ren

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Über dieses Buch

"Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Modification, Processing and Applications" describes the preparation, modification, processing, and the research and applications of biodegradable poly (lactic acid), which belong to the biomedical and environment-friendly materials. Highly illustrated, the book introduces systematically the synthesis, physical and chemical modifications, and the latest developments of research and applications of poly (lactic acid) in biomedical materials.

The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of materials science and engineering, polymer science and engineering, biomedicine, chemistry, environmental sciences, textile science and engineering, package materials, and so on.

Dr. Jie Ren is a professor at the Institute of Nano and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
Recently, biogradable and renewably derived polymers have attracted much attention due to the environmental concerns and sustainability issues associated with petroleum-based polymers. Such a polymer is poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable and bioabsorbable, renewably derived thermoplastic polyester extensively investigated over the lastest several decades. PLA is a compostable polymer derived from renewable sources.
Jie Ren
2. Lactic Acid
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is an organic acid found in many products of natural origin. The first reports on isolation of lactic acid from milk can be found in as early as 1780 and the solidification by self-esterification some years later. Lactic acid can be manufactured by chemical synthesis or carbohydrate fermentation. And, lactic acid can be purified either by precipitation of metal lactates followed by a neutralizing reaction with sulfuric acid or by esterification with alcohol, distillation and hydrolysis of the formed ester, or by electro-dialysis. Nowadays, lactic acid based polymers, a good alternative for substituting conventional plastic produced from petroleum oil because of low emission of carbon dioxide that contributes to global warming, have been widely used.
Jie Ren
3. Synthesis and Manufacture of PLA
Abstract
PLA belongs to the family of aliphatic polyesters derived from α-hydroxy acids. The basic building block of PLA, lactic acid, (2-hydroxy propionic acid), can exist in optically active D- or L-enantiomers, which can be produced by carbohydrate fermentation or chemical synthesis. Depending on the proportion of the enantiomers, PLA of with variable material properties can be derived. This allows the production of a wide spectrum of PLA polymers to match performance requirements.
Jie Ren
4. Modification of PLA
Abstract
PLA widely used in many fields has gained enormous attention because of its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. However, unitary structure and poor properties of PLA such as the inherent brittleness, poor melt strength, low heat deflection temperature (HDT), narrow processing window and low thermal stability have posed considerable scientific challenges and limited their large-scale applications. This section of the book aims at highlighting recent developments in modification of PLA including copolymerization, blending, compounding and additives to improve relevant properties of PLA.
Jie Ren
5. Processing of PLA
Abstract
Processing method is important to broaden the application area of PLA materials. The processing technologies include injection molding, hot press molding, spinning, blow molding, foam molding and electrospinning. In this chapter, for different application, four processing methods are selected to discuss in detail including injection, spinning, blowing and foaming. And the structure development in the processes, mechanical properties and corresponding application are also discussed.
Jie Ren
6. Application in the Field of Commodity and Industry Product
Abstract
Because of numerous advantages such as excellent properties, varied modification and processing, PLA has wide applications as packaging, fibre, engineering plastic, disposable ware and adhesive. In this chapter, the applications of PLA in the five fields of commodity and industry as mentioned above are discussed. In addition, the modification and processing methods of PLA as well as prospects of its application are analyzed.
Jie Ren
7. Application in the Field of Biomedical Materials
Abstract
Much effort is currently being devoted to the development of biodegradable materials (such as PLA) for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering scaffold, controllable drug delivery, bioabsorbable surgical sutures, soft tissue augmentation and mesh insertion for Groin Hernia repair. In this chapter, basic design principles for tissue engineering is briefly introduced and PLA materials and its modification for the application in tissue engineering scaffold and preparation methods of tissue engineering scaffold are discussed. Then a brief review of a modification method is made in which a biodegradable moiety (such as PLA) is incorporated into the molecular structure of functional polymers by different ways so that the biodegradability of the polymer obtained can be controlled.
Jie Ren
8. Standard and Test Methods
Abstract
The standards and test methods of properties of PLA have an important function as they facilitate communication between producers, authorities and consumers. This chapter provides a general overview of the biodegradability, standard and test method of properties of PLA. At first, biodegradation of PLA is reviewed, including definition of biodegradation, factors affecting the biodegradation behavior of PLA and biodegradability of PLA. Then, biodegradation standards and certification systems are introduced. Finally, some test methods are given.
Jie Ren
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Modification, Processing and Applications
verfasst von
Prof. Jie Ren
Copyright-Jahr
2010
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-17596-1
Print ISBN
978-3-642-17595-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17596-1

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