Biomechanical Evaluation of Manual Material Handling Task in the Workplace: A Comprehensive Review

Human involvement, as a manual work, is still prevailing in modern manufacturing activities because of a limited workspace which does not allow the use of mechanical devices or robots. The manual materials handling (MMH) is an inefficient way of performing a task and is considered hazardous in addition to wastage of the great amount of human energy. Moreover, subsequent accidents and injuries can be physically and economically very disturbing and costly. Ergonomic evaluation of MMH has largely been based on task analysis approach, where the jobs are broken down into simpler tasks and studied. But there is the lack of clarity in the use of terms defining various MMH activities. Therefore, the need arises to minimize MMH tasks-related injury, using specific design approaches, so that its demand stays within the capacity of the worker. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the applications of biomechanics and explain how the use of biomechanics can reduce the risk of an initial injury. The study also indicates the impact low back pain may have, on performing the task. To achieve this, a systematic review of specific design approaches (biomechanical, physiological, epidemiological, and psychophysical approaches) of various tasks in the workplace has been made to identify a situation that has a higher risk of workplace injury. This review of literature will be helpful to evaluate MMH task design or work practice so as to identify an effective and efficient solution, to ensure physical changes to the workplace. The study will also be helpful to provide a set of recommendations, to reduce or prevent the presence of musculoskeletal disorders and enhance production.