Bone Drilling Parameters and Necrosis: An In Vitro Study

Implant screw fixation and bone drilling are the two one after another processes. If certain operating parameters are not observed, necrosis may result. Necrosis can be explained as an unfavorable form of cell injury whereby integrity of cell membrane is lost and the extracellular space if filled with an uncontrolled release of products of cell death. This process starts an inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue which attracts leukocytes and phagocytes which remove the dead cells. However, collateral damage to surrounding tissues by microbial damaging substances released by leukocytes inhibits the healing process and lengthens patient rehabilitation period or even unsuccessful implant fixation and post-operative complications. This research work is initiated with review work, as the literature on this topic is having contrary conclusions and so review of previous investigators experimentation’s on the effects of spindle speed, depth of drilling and feed rate on temperature distribution and correlation among them is made. Conclusions based on histopathological analysis and bone mineral density with in vitro study are very important. This review work attempts to organize the previous work on bone drilling parameters and its correlation with necrosis.