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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Bordered Conscience: Uyghurs of Central Asia

verfasst von : Suchandana Chatterjee

Erschienen in: The Uyghur Community

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan US

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Abstract

This chapter seeks to demonstrate the importance of understanding the influence of local in Uyghur historical writing, a tradition strongly influenced by local history. The purpose is to look beyond the common perception of the Uyghurs as a minority nationality inhabiting the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China. Today’s indigenous Uyghur histories of Xinjiang are seen as “local” from the Chinese perspective, which considers the Uyghurs and the province of Xinjiang to be part of the Chinese state. From the Uyghur nationalist perspective, the same history is national rather than local. The Uyghurs of Central Asia have regained attention in the context of growing interest in narratives about margins.

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Fußnoten
1
Discussed by Rian Thum in ‘Beyond Resistance and Nationalism: local history and the case of Afaq Khoja’, Central Asian Survey, No. 1, 2012. Thum explored this subject further in his book The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2014. The book revolves around the Uyghur community’s imagination of the past.
 
2
Peter C. Perdue, “Ecologies of Empire: From Qing Cosmopolitanism to Modern Nationalism.” This article is based on a keynote speech with the same title delivered at the “Bordering China: Modernity and Sustainability” Berkeley Summer Research Institute on August 3, 2012. Also see the special issue of Central Asian Survey (2009), where some articles have reflected on the local dynamics among the Uyghurs. Adila Erkin, ‘Locally modern, globally Uyghur: geography, identity and consumer culture in contemporary Xinjiang’, Central Asian Survey, 28 (4), 2009; Eric Schlussel, ‘History, identity, and mother-tongue education in Xinjiang’, Central Asian Survey, 28 (4), 2009.
 
3
Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart, ‘The Complex Pathways of History: Uyghurs and the Formations of Identity’ in Ildiko Beller Hann et al. (ed) Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2007, p. xvii.
 
4
Issues of ethnicity, history, nationalism, religiosity, and everyday life have been addressed in a variety of writings. Some examples are: Dru C. Gladney, Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities and other Subaltern Subjects, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004; Ablet Kamalov, Uyghur Studies in Central Asia: A Historical Review, Toyo Bunko: Asian Research Trends: New Series, No 1, 2006; Frederick Starr, Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland, New York and London: M.E. Sharpe, 2004; Michael Dillon, Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Far Northwest, Durham East Asia Series, London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004; James Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press, 2009.
 
5
Colin Mackerras and Michael Clarke of Griffith Asia Institute in Brisbane have emphasized Xinjiang as an ethnic issue for China and global concerns for such an ethnically disturbed zone. Mackerras, ‘Xinjiang in 2013: Problems and Prospects’, Asian Ethnicity, 2013; Clarke, ‘China, Xinjiang and internationalisation of the Uyghur issue’, Global Change, Peace and Security, 2010.
 
6
There was the Chinese provincial rhetoric of Uyghurs and Hans as indigenous settlers of Xinjiang. There was an alternative narrative of Soviet Turcologists, such as A.N. Bernshtam and S.E. Malov, who wrote about indigenousness of the Uyghurs, describing episodes in a national liberation movement such as Turkic Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan in Kashgaria (TIRET, in 1932–1933) and more discreetly about Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR, in the 1940s).
 
7
‘In from the margins,’ D.L. Wallace, ‘Alternative rhetoric and morality: writing from the margins,’ www.​ncte.​org/​library/​NCTEFiles/​.​.​.​/​CCC0612Alternati​ve.​pdf, 2008; Barbara Estelle Verchot, Creating marginality and reconstructing narrative: reconfiguring Karen Social and geopolitical alignment, MSc Thesis, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Central Florida, Spring Term, 2008.
 
8
Explained by Dilfuza Roziyeva, ‘Ilya Bakhtiya’s Role in Uyghur Poetry’, Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (2), 2014.
 
9
I had this conversation with Ablet Kamalov during my research trip to Kazakhstan in August 2012.
 
10
Dilfuza Roziyeva, ‘Ilya Bakhtiya’s Role in Uyghur Poetry’, Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (2), p. 147.
 
11
Konstantin Syroezhkin, ‘Social perceptions of China and the Chinese: A view from Kazakhstan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2009).
 
12
I am grateful to Ablet Kamalov and Yulia Goloskokova for taking me on a guided tour of the Zarya Vostoka microregion in September 2012 and giving me this unique experience of interactive social behavior among the Uyghurs and Dungans.
 
13
David Brophy, ‘Taranchis, Kashgaris and the Uyghur Question in Soviet Central Asia’, Inner Asia, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2005.
 
14
Jin Noda, Reconsidering the Ili Crisis: The Ili Region Under Russian Rule (1871–1881), Islamic Area Studies, Japan.
 
15
The East Turkestani people are constituted by group identities as Taranchis and Kyrgyzes and local identities as Kashgarliks, referring not only to people from Kashgar but also to immigrants from southern Xinjiang where Kashgar was the leading economic and political center. This observation was also made by Tsarist Russia’s eminent Kazakh orientalist, Chokan Valikhanov.
 
16
Natsuko Oka, ‘Transnationalism as a threat to state security? Case studies on Uighurs and Uzbeks of Kazakhstan’, [http://​src-h.​slav.​hokudai.​ac.​jp/​coe21/​publish/​no14_​ses/​14_​oka.​pdf].
 
17
Film Zamanai, cited in Alexander C. Diener, One Homeland or Two? The nationalization and Transnationalization of Mongolia’s Kazakhs, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2009, pp. 275–278.
 
18
Sean R. Roberts, ‘Imagining Uyghurstan: re-evaluating the birth of the modern Uyghur nation’, Central Asian Survey, 28 (4), 2009.
 
19
Yelena Y. Sadovskaya, ‘Patterns of contemporary “Chinese” migration into Kazakhstan’, Felix B. Chang and Sunnie T. Rucker Chang eds Chinese migrants in Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe, Routledge, 2012, pp. 106–107.
 
20
Adila Erkin, ‘Locally modern, globally Uyghur: geography, identity and consumer culture in contemporary Xinjiang’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2009.
 
21
Jay Dautcher, Down a Narrow Road: Identity and Masculinity in a Uyghur Community in Xinjiang, Cambridge, Massachussetts: Harvard University Press, 2009 (Book Review by Kelly Hammond in The Arab Studies Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, Spring 2011).
 
22
Adila Erkin, ‘Locally modern, globally Uyghur: geography, identity and consumer culture in contemporary Xinjiang’, Central Asian Survey, 28 (4), 2009, p. 422.
 
23
Rian Thum, The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2014.
 
24
James A. Millward, ‘A Uyghur Muslim in Qianlong’s Court: The Meaning of the Fragrant Concubine,’ The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2, May, 1994.
 
25
Edmund Waite, ‘From Holy Man to National Villain: Popular Historical Narratives About Apaq Khoja amongst Uyghurs in Contemporary Xinjiang’, Inner Asia, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2006.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Bordered Conscience: Uyghurs of Central Asia
verfasst von
Suchandana Chatterjee
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52297-9_6