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2021 | Buch | 1. Auflage

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Business Analysis and Design

Understanding Innovation in Organisation

verfasst von: Paul Beynon-Davies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This textbook offers an essential introduction to design orientation in business, which impacts the way management is undertaken world-wide. Design orientation, as it applies to business, is the process through which a designer analyses business as a system, identifies motivation for changing the system, and designs improvement for the organisation, as well as ways of implementing this improvement. It involves strategic and innovative thinking, communication with key stakeholders, and change management.

This book provides coverage of critical tools for design which enable business professionals to analyse existing ways of organizing and to design new ways of organizing. The reader will learn how to develop a digital business model to organize private, public or voluntary work. In doing so, the reader will learn to critically evaluate the notion of digital innovation and understand the proper place of ICT within organization.

The reader will learn how to:

critically evaluate the relevance of digital innovation to domains of organisationdevelop digital business models to organize private, public or voluntary workconstruct business strategy and relate it to business models, motivation models, innovation management and change management

Written by an expert in the field, this book is designed for both students and professionals. Each chapter contains an introduction, a section of key reading, and a summary, while a number of cases based on real-life examples are worked through as examples in the text, demonstrating the real-life application of the design theory discussed.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

1. Introduction

Abstract

In this introduction we explain the nature of business analysis and design and set it in the context of design science. We discuss the importance of doing design through design theory and outline four major types of design artefact. To help the reader better understand both the nature of design and the type of design artefact we are considering in this book we set rules for a simple game of design, which we have used many times within both teaching and consultancy.

Paul Beynon-Davies

2. Signs, Patterns and Systems

Abstract

In this chapter we explain the three pillars upon which the design theory used in this book rests. A sign is some thing that stands to somebody for some other thing. A pattern is some set of things that repeat across situations. A system is a coherent set of patterns. Within business analysis and design, we are interested in patterns or systems of articulation, patterns or systems of instrumental communication, and patterns or systems of coordinated activity. Signs cross all three levels of pattern or system.

Paul Beynon-Davies

3. What Is Design?

Abstract

We open this chapter by considering lessons gleaned from the work of great designers. We then propose the focus of business design as being ways of organising. This leads us to consider the process of design as a mix of convergent and divergent thinking, which applies a form of reasoning known as abduction. We conclude with an examination of the analysis and design techniques covered in this book and where they fit within the life cycle of design work.

Paul Beynon-Davies

4. Designing Organisation

Abstract

In this chapter we examine the nature of organisation and come to the conclusion that the institution of organisation emerges from systems of action. We further conclude that three coupled patterns of organisation are important to domains of organisation—articulation, communication and coordination. The patterning of organisation can be understood through the way in which actors enact packages of action, which we conveniently refer to as roles. Actors include not only humans but technology systems and other artefacts such as data structures. Hence, contemporary domains of organisation are best conceived of in terms of design and analysis as systems of socio-technical action.

Paul Beynon-Davies

5. Projects of Design

Abstract

Business analysis and design work is typically conducted as projects. Business analysis and design projects are activity systems with a defined team of workers who engage in activities such as conception, analysis, design, construction, implementation and evaluation. Such activities can be conducted in a linear manner or in an iterative manner. As a body of project-based practices, business analysis is frequently seen to be made up of methods, techniques and tools.

Paul Beynon-Davies

6. Investigating Domains of Organisation

Abstract

To analyse domains of organisation means to investigate such domains by various means. In this chapter we consider a number of means of investigation, including interviews, focus groups, workshops, observation, participation and analysis of existing data structures. We also discuss the importance of visualisation, triangulation and prototyping to effective analysis and design.

Paul Beynon-Davies

7. Engaging with Problem Situations

Abstract

In this chapter we look closely at the problem-setting stage of design work. We consider how to establish the nature of a problem situation, in terms of which the task of design will be undertaken. For this we need the idea of stakeholders and worldviews expressed in a rich picture.

Paul Beynon-Davies

8. Making Sense of Business Activity

Abstract

The first level of organisation is that of instrumental activity—joint activity directed at the achievement of goals. An activity system is purposive and consists of actors cooperating to resolve coordination problems in the creation of value. The specification of goals and the evaluation of their achievement revolve around ideas of performance and its proper management.

Paul Beynon-Davies

9. Models of Activity

Abstract

In this chapter we consider how to visualise patterns or systems of activity. We focus on the pattern comic or storyboard as a means of visualisation and propose that the modelling of activity systems through such means is a useful way of pattern benchmarking. It also helps the business designer consider issues with patterns that bridge between domains of organisation.

Paul Beynon-Davies

10. Making Sense of Business Information

Abstract

The way in which people and things communicate to get things done is a critical layer of organisation examined in this chapter. We define the notion of a communicative act and distinguish between five important forms of such acts that are useful for designing information systems.

Paul Beynon-Davies

11. Making Sense of Information Systems

Abstract

This chapter examines the ways in which communicative acts form patterns. Such informative patterns form conversations for action in the sense that communication supports coordination. Such patterns can be used not only for human to human communication but also for patterns that embrace human to machine communication.

Paul Beynon-Davies

12. Models of Information

Abstract

Within this chapter, we describe each of the three major constructs of an information model: classes, attributes and relationships. We then discuss a way of visually representing these constructs and coupling this model of information classes with their use in communicative acts.

Paul Beynon-Davies

13. Making Sense of Business Data

Abstract

This chapter establishes the nature of data as the making of differences in some substance with the intention of communicating something to somebody. Data is formed within data structures and such data structures are used both to make messages and to form records of things. But data structures are not just passive constructs; they act. They serve to communicate things independently of their creator.

Paul Beynon-Davies

14. Making Sense of Data Systems

Abstract

In this chapter we examine issues relating to the design of data structures and their articulation. We define a data system as a set of inter-related patterns of articulation. In turn, a pattern of articulation consists of a set of inter-related acts of articulation. Data structures are important because of the way in which they serve to scaffold institutional facts.

Paul Beynon-Davies

15. Models of Data

Abstract

In this chapter we examine the idea of a data model. We provide a convenient shorthand for expressing a data model and consider how we might visualise this. Finally, we consider the relationship of the data structures expressed in a data model with acts of articulation.

Paul Beynon-Davies

16. Understanding Digital Innovation

Abstract

In this chapter we consider issues of innovation and change, particularly digital innovation and its effect upon ways of organising. In this chapter we focus on practices for managing change and the role of technology as a change lever.

Paul Beynon-Davies

17. Building Digital Business Models

Abstract

Within this chapter we discuss the concept of a business model. We shall show how in terms of a design orientation it is productive to view a business model as a complex of business patterns appropriate to some domain of organisation.

Paul Beynon-Davies

18. Business Motivation, Strategy and Evaluation

Abstract

Within this chapter we utilise the idea that business motivation is best expressed in terms of ends and the means to achieve them. We also distinguish between motivation and strategy in terms of business models. Once a new business model is implemented then it must be evaluated in practice.

Paul Beynon-Davies

Backmatter

Titel: Business Analysis and Design
verfasst von: Paul Beynon-Davies
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-67962-0
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67961-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67962-0