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2018 | Buch

Family Heritage Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Carl Auer von Welsbach: Chemist, Inventor, Entrepreneur

verfasst von: Prof. Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This Brief documents the life, discoveries and inventions of the chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. Particular attention is given to his pioneering work on the rare earth elements, including the discovery of four new elements, which allowed him to develop new materials, to invent new useful devices and to establish major industries.

From the invention of the incandescent gas mantle and first electric incandescent lamps with metal filaments to the first mass production of radium from pitchblende residues, readers will learn the story of his notable legacy to the word through the lens of his rare earths knowledge.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Family Heritage
Abstract
Though Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858–1929) was himself born in Vienna, his family seat, so to speak, was Wels, a little town about 25 km from Linz, the provincial capital of Upper Austria. Lying on the Traun River, it was an important hub in Roman times and eventually became the county seat of Wels-Land with a population of about 11,000 at the time of Auer’s birth.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 2. Childhood, Early Education, and Beyond
Abstract
Alois Auer von Welsbach’s youngest child was born in his twilight years, and for six of those years, until his death, Alois spent them either on leave from his demanding work or in actual retirement. This afforded him leisure time to pass with young Carl, encouraging his interest in nature and modeling his own work ethic: creativity, energy, tenacity, and endurance. Alois recognized early on that Carl’s strengths did not lie in learning many languages, but in working adroitly with his hands to fashion tools and various pieces of apparatus. In the brief period of time that remained to him, Alois was able to transmit to Carl the deeper meaning of nature, the necessity of careful observation, and fearlessness in following through on new ideas.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 3. Discoveries Among the Rare Earths
Abstract
When Johan Gadolin (1760–1852) took up the challenge of examining a small sample of a strange mineral found in the feldspar mine near the little Swedish village of Ytterby in 1788, little did he realize that he would set in motion a search that would last for over a century. The sample, named “ytterbite” by Lieutenant Carl Axel Arrhenius (1757–1824), its discoverer, could not have fallen into more skilled hands. Gadolin, at that point in his career climbing the academic ladder at the Royal Academy in Åbo (present day Turku), Finland, had studied chemistry under Torbern Bergman (1735–84) at Uppsala and excelled in analytical chemistry.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 4. Didymium’s Twilight and Two New “Stars”
Abstract
Long experience in dealing with the rare earth elements and the difficulty of separating them one from the other made chemists aware of the pitfalls of claiming that they had succeeded in producing an unequivocally pure compound. Furthermore, the claimed discoveries turned out to be a tangled web of errors mixed with grains of truth as investigators tried to go over old ground, that is, to take another look at minerals once pronounced to be completely separated and analyzed.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 5. Plus Lucis
Abstract
Passing by Währingerstraße in Vienna, one encounters a gray, roughly triangular building block, the chemical, mathematical and physical institutes (in alphabetical order) of the University of Vienna. There is a simple monument in front of the entrance to Währingerstraße 38—a square with a stylized male figure and the words “Plus Lucis”—“more light.”
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 6. New Perspectives
Abstract
Through his tireless, purpose-driven efforts and his mother’s unremitting confidence, Auer’s period of difficulties and failure was blessedly short. What followed, however, were two years of uninterrupted, feverish research to improve the incandescent mantle.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 7. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Patents and Products
Abstract
There is no question that Carl Auer von Welsbach was a supreme innovator—his fertile imagination was able to take ordinary observations, made time and again by others, and transform them into useful inventions, as evidenced by the three great examples described in the previous chapters. That his entrepreneurial abilities were called forth by the necessity of promoting his inventions were obvious, but need to be analyzed.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 8. A Life for Research, Family, and Community
Abstract
Carl Auer von Welsbach made his great discoveries and important inventions in only the space of the twenty years after he completed his studies with Robert Bunsen. In that amount of time, he accomplished far more than most scientists achieve in an entire lifetime of research. As this intense research period began to wind down, he was able to turn his mind to other things—some of a more personal and recreational nature, some with an outward thrust to the scientific world in general, and some to the care and nurturing of his fellow human beings. In all of these new undertakings, the skills he had gained previously were put to work in new contexts.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Chapter 9. Legacy of Carl Auer Von Welsbach
Abstract
On the morning of the first of September, 1928, a distinguished contingent of gentlemen descended on the quiet village of Treibach-Althofen and made their way up to the heights of Welsbach Castle to pay their respects to its proprietor on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Perhaps nothing else could demonstrate the esteem and high regard in which Auer von Welsbach was held than the credentials of this honorable group of well-wishers from every part of the world: official representatives of government, industry, scholarly and scientific societies, universities and polytechnic institutes.
Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Carl Auer von Welsbach: Chemist, Inventor, Entrepreneur
verfasst von
Prof. Roland Adunka
Mary Virginia Orna
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-77905-8
Print ISBN
978-3-319-77904-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77905-8

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