CFB Alumina Calciners—New and Future Generation Opportunities for Green Field Refineries

The latest CFB Calciners were installed in green field Alumina Refineries. Because of the pressure of cost reduction, a low capital expenditure needs to be achieved. At the same time, an outstanding performance is expected regarding energy consumption, product quality and availability. It is obvious that these contradictory demands are running into a conflict, if the conventional technology is only reproduced. New developments are required to achieve these challenging market demands. This paper describes how solutions were developed, proven and tested and expands on possible future improvements. Examples of new developments are described. Further, it is shown how these targets are achieved with new large calciners installed in a new green field alumina refinery. These new features are considering a steady continuous operation. At the same time product quality and energy consumption are improved.