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Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria

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PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can suppress diseases through antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in the plant against both root and foliar pathogens. The generally non-specific character of induced resistance constitutes an increase in the level of basal resistance to several pathogens simultaneously, which is of benefit under natural conditions where multiple pathogens may be present. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in e.g. carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Although some bacterial strains are equally effective in inducing resistance in different plant species, others show specificity, indicating specific recognition between bacteria and plants at the root surface. In carnation, radish and Arabidopsis, the O-antigenic side chain of the bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide acts as an inducing determinant, but other bacterial traits are also involved. Pseudobactin siderophores have been implicated in the induction of resistance in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and another siderophore, pseudomonine, may explain induction of resistance associated with salicylic acid (SA) in radish. Although SA induces phenotypically similar systemic acquired resistance (SAR), it is not necessary for the systemic resistance induced by most rhizobacterial strains. Instead, rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling in the plant. Upon challenge inoculation of induced Arabidopsis plants with a pathogen, leaves expressing SAR exhibit a primed expression of SA-, but not JA/ethylene-responsive defense-related genes, whereas leaves expressing ISR are primed to express JA/ethylene-, but not SA-responsive genes. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways, as well as extend protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR or SAR alone.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Section Phytopathology, Utrecht University, P.O.Box 800.84, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    L.C. Van Loon & P.A.H.M. Bakker

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  1. L.C. Van Loon
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  2. P.A.H.M. Bakker
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  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Zaki A. Siddiqui

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Van Loon, L., Bakker, P. (2005). Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria. In: Siddiqui, Z.A. (eds) PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4152-7_2

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