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PET: Physics, Instrumentation, and Scanners

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PET

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that uses the unique decay characteristics of radionuclides that decay by positron emission. These radionuclides are produced in a cyclotron and are then used to label compounds of biological interest. The labeled compound (typically 1013–1015 labeled molecules) is introduced into the body, usually by intravenous injection, and is distributed in tissues in a manner determined by its biochemical properties. When the radioactive atom on a particular molecule decays, a positron is ejected from the nucleus, ultimately leading to the emission of high-energy photons that have a good probability of escaping from the body. A PET scanner consists of a set of detectors that surround the object to be imaged and are designed to convert these high-energy photons into an electrical signal that can be fed to subsequent electronics. In a typical PET scan, 106 to 109 events (decays) will be detected. These events are corrected for a number of factors and then reconstructed into a tomographic image using mathematical algorithms. The output of the reconstruction process is a three-dimensional (3-D) image volume, where the signal intensity in any particular image voxel* is proportional to the amount of the radionuclide (and, hence, the amount of the labeled molecule to which it is attached) in that voxel. Thus, PET images allow the spatial distribution of radiolabeled tracers to be mapped quantitatively in a living human. By taking a time sequence of images, the tissue concentration of the radiolabeled molecules as a function of time is measured, and with appropriate mathematical modeling, the rate of specific biological processes can be determined (Chapter 2).

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  1. Simon R. Cherry
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Cherry, S.R., Dahlbom, M. (2004). PET: Physics, Instrumentation, and Scanners. In: PET. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22529-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22529-6_1

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