Abstract
Citizenship has been studied from almost every standpoint except that of participation in public policy. The influence of citizens on the making and changing of policy, citizens’ power (or the lack thereof) over public officials who make and administer policy, and the ability of the general public to hold these elites accountable, even citizens’ ability to create and dissolve government itself, have been subject to scrutiny. But participation as part of policy (with the exception of Michael Lipsky’s “Street Corner Bureaucrats”) has been neglected.
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Notes
Jean Piaget, To Understand Is to Invent: The Future of Education (New York: Grossman, 1973), pp. 118–119.
This section on strategy is adapted from Aaron Wildavsky, Leadership in a Small Town (Totowa, N.J.: Bedminster Press, 1964), pp. 353–354.
See T. H. Marshall, Class, Citizenship and Social Development (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973).
Kjell Eide, “Assessing and Evaluating Educational Performance,” Norsdick Forum, Vol. 4 (1972), p. 225.
Amitai Etzioni, “Future Analysis,” Stop News, No. 38 (June 1976), p. 19.
Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations (New York: Basic Books, 1962), p. 238.
Henry S. Rowen, “Policy Analysis as Heuristic Aid: The Design of Means, Ends, and Institutions,” in When Values Conflict, Laurence H. Tribe, Corinne S. Schelling, and John Voss, eds. (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1976), p. 142.
Paul Feyerabend, Against Method — Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge (London: NLB, Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1975), p. 41.
John B. Starr and Nancy A. Dyer, Post-Liberation Works of Mao Zedong: A Bibliography and Index (Berkeley Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, 1976).
C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (New York: Oxford University Press, 1956);
Robert A. Dahl, Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961);
Nelson W. Polsby, Community Power and Political Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963);
Raymond E. Wolfinger, Politics of Progress (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974);
Floyd Hunter, Community Power Structure (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953).
Aaron Wildavsky, Leadership in a Small Town (Totowa, N.J.: Bedminster Press, 1964).
Martin Landau, “The Proper Domain of Policy Analysis” in “The Workshop: The Place of Policy Analysis in Political Science: Five Perspectives,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 21, No. 2 (May 1977), pp. 426–427.
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© 1979 Aaron Wildavsky
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Wildavsky, A. (1979). Citizens as Analysts. In: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04955-4_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04955-4_12
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