Abstract
In October 1959 Labour suffered its third successive general election defeat. In the inevitable inquest which followed, a central issue was the party’s working-class image. Douglas Jay saw Labour’s two fatal handicaps as ‘the class image and the myth of nationalization’.1 Patrick Gordon Walker said simply: ‘The Tories identified with the new working class rather better than we did.’ Richard Crossman observed that ‘each year which takes us further, not only from the hungry Thirties but from the austere Forties weakens class consciousness’,2 while the Party Leader Hugh Gaitskell warned of ‘the changing character of labour, full employment, new housing, the new way of life based on the telly, the frig., the car and the glossy magazine — all have their effect on our political strength’.3
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Notes and References
D. Childs, Britain since 1945 (London: Ernest Benn, 1979) p. 127.
D. E. Butler and R. Rose, The British General Election of 1959 (London: Macmillan, 1960) p. 197.
S. Hall, ‘The supply of demand’, in E. P. Thompson (ed.), Out of Apathy (London: Stevens, 1960) p. 95.
M. Abrams, R. Rose and M. Hinden, Must Labour Lose? (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960) p. 23.
Ibid., p. 100.
Ibid., p. 105.
R. Milne and H. Mackenzie, Marginal Seat, 1955 (London: Hansard Society, 1958) p. 34.
New Statesman, 18 February 1950, p. 179.
H. G. Nicholas, The British General Election of 1950 (London: Macmillan, 1951) pp. 213, 241.
Spectator, 27 January 1950.
New Statesman, 3 November 1951, p. 477.
D. E. Butler, The British General Election of 1955 (London: Macmillan, 1955) p. 15.
Economist, 30 May 1953.
Observer, 31 May 1953, p. 6.
Butler, British General Election of 1955, p. 1.
L. Immirzi, A. Smith and T. Blackwell, The Popular Press and Social Change 1945–65 (unpublished report for the Rowntree Trust, University of Birmingham) p. 5:24.
Butler, British General Election of 1955, p. 18.
Ibid., p. 83.
Immirzi et al., Popular Press and Social Change, p. 5:10.
Milne and Mackenzie, Marginal Seat, p. 29.
Butler, British General Election of 1955, p. 162.
A. Sampson, Macmillan (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968) p. 159.
Butler and Rose, British General Election of 1959, p. 136 (facing).
Ibid., p. 24.
Spectator, 2 October 1959, p. 435.
G. Orwell, ‘England Your England’, in S. Orwell and I. Angus (eds), The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters and George Orwell, vol. 2 (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1970) p. 97.
C. A. R. Crosland, ‘The transition from capitalism’, in R. Crossman (ed.), New Fabian Essays (London: Turnstile Press, 1952) p. 34.
R. Crossman, ‘Towards a philosophy of socialism’, in New Fabian Essays, p. 1.
Crosland, ‘The transition from capitalism’, p. 36.
A. Albu, ‘The organisation of industry’, in New Fabian Essays, p. 131.
Ibid., p. 131.
E. Durbin, The Politics of Democratic Socialism (London: Routledge, 1940) pp. 109ff.
Ibid., p. 119.
C. A. R. Crosland, The future of Socialism (London: Cape, 1956) p. 286.
Ibid., p. 285.
T. R. Fyvel, ‘The stones of Harlow’, Encounter, June 1956, p. 15.
C. Curran, ‘The passing of the tribunes’, Encounter, June 1956, p. 21.
C. Curran, ‘The new estate in Great Britain’, Spectator, 20 January 1956, p. 72.
C. Curran, ‘The politics of the new estate’, Spectator, 17 February 1956, p. 209.
W. Young, ‘Return to Wigan Pier’, Encounter, June 1956, p. 5.
New Statesman, 17 October 1959, p. 492.
M. Abrams, ‘The home-centred society’, The Listener, 26 November 1959.
Economist, 16 May 1959.
S. Hall, C. Critcher, T. Jefferson, J. Clarke and B. Roberts, Policing the Crisis (London: Macmillan, 1978) p. 235.
Sun, 15 September 1964.
The main source here is G. Sayers Bain, R. Bacon and J. Pimlott, ‘The Labour Force’, in A. H. Halsey (ed.), Trends in British Society since 1900 (London: Macmillan, 1972).
J. Westergaard and H. Resler, Class in a Capitalist Society (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976) p. 76.
A. H. Halsey, J. Sheehan and J. Vaizey, ‘Schools’, in Halsey (ed.), Trends in British Society.
Curran, ‘The passing of the tribunes’, p. 21.
A. H. Halsey, ‘Higher education’, in Halsey (ed.), Trends in British Society.
J. R. Short, Housing in Britain (London: Methuen, 1982) Ch. 3.
R. Banham, ‘Coronation Street, Hoggartsborough’, New Statesman, 9 February 1962, p. 200.
A. Howkins and J. Lowerson, Trends in Leisure 1919–1939 (Sports Council and Social Sciences Research Council, 1979).
M. Hall, ‘The consumer sector 1950–60’, in G. Worswick and P. Ady, The British Economy in the 1950s (London: Oxford University Press, 1962).
M. Young and P. Willmott, The Symmetrical Family (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973) p. 23.
F. Zweig, The Worker in an Affluent Society (London: Heinemann, 1961).
A. Marwick, British Society since 1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982) p. 121.
B. Wood, ‘Urbanisation and local government’, in Halsey (ed.), Trends in British Society, p. 280.
The expansion of television in this period is discussed in Chapter 6.
Hall, ‘The supply of demand’, p. 79.
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© 1986 Stuart Laing
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Laing, S. (1986). This New England. In: Representations of Working-Class Life 1957–1964. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18459-0_2
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