Abstract
The BBC resumed television transmissions in June 1946 to a handful of viewers in the London area; by March 1947 there were under 15,000 licensed sets. This rose slowly to 760,000 in 1951 and then with increasing speed to 4.5 million in 1955. 1953 was the watershed year. Between March 1953 and 1954 over 1 million new licences were issued and the figures continued to grow at a comparable rate, reaching 8 million in 1958 and 12 million by 1963. The mid 1950s (rather than the late 1940s) were the key years, for a number of reasons. The amount of income available for expenditure on consumer durables grew while there was a relative fall in the price of sets; by the early 1950s it was also possible to rent or buy by hire purchase. Equally important was the rate of growth of the national network. Transmissions for the Birmingham area began only in 1949, for the North in 1951 and for the main centres of Scotland and Wales in 1952. By 1953 the BBC could reach 85 per cent of the population.1 The Coronation in June 1953 was the first major event to be presented through this network; an estimated 20 million people watched on the 2.5 million sets available.
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Notes and References
B. Paulu, British Broadcasting (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956).
‘ITV Chronicle’, Contrast (Autumn 1965) 4, 4, p. 102.
J. Bakewell and N. Garnham, The New Priesthood (London: Allen Lane, 1970) p. 284.
Ibid., p. 287.
New Statesman, 9 June 1956, p. 652.
H. Thomas, The Truth About Television (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962) p. 173.
A. Swinson, ‘Writing for television’, in P. Rotha (ed.), Television in the Making (London: Focal Press, 1956) pp. 38–9.
A. Swinson, Writing for Television Today (London: Black, 1963) p. 14.
Ibid., p. 109.
Ibid.
M. Elliott, ‘Television drama: the medium and the predicament’, Encore, No. 13 (March 1958) p. 33.
Thomas, The Truth About Television, p. 172.
D. Taylor, ‘The Gorboduc stage’, Contrast (Spring 1964) 3, 3, p. 153.
Ibid., p. 206.
J. Bussell, The Art of Television (London: Faber, 1952) p. 103.
Swinson, ‘Writing for television’, p. 39.
Ibid., p. 42.
A. Hunt, ‘Alan Plater’, in G. W. Brandt (ed.), British Television Drama (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981) p. 143.
T. Willis, ‘Look back in wonder’, Encore, No. 13 (March 1958) p. 15.
Elliott, ‘Television drama’, pp. 33–4.
Encore, No. 23 (November 1959) pp. 46–7.
Spectator, 18 May 1962, p. 654.
J. R. Taylor, ‘Drama ’66’, Contrast, 4, 5–6 (Winter 1965-Spring 1966) p. 133.
J. R. Taylor, Anatomy of a Television Play (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962) p. 9.
Ibid., p. 12.
Ibid., pp. 42–7.
Alun Owen, ‘Introduction’, Three Television Plays (London: Cape, 1961) p. 7. (Subsequent page references are to this title.)
Taylor, Anatomy of a Television Play, p. 35.
Spectator, 22 December 1961, p. 930.
D. Mercer, ‘Birth of a playwriting man’, (interview with the editors and Francis Jarman), Theatre Quarterly, 3, 9 (January-March 1973) p. 46.
Ibid., p. 47.
D. Mercer, The Generations (London: Calder, 1964) p. 38. (Subsequent page references are to this title.)
D. Taylor, ‘David Mercer and television drama’, appendix to The Generations, p. 250.
Mercer, ‘Birth of a playwriting man’, p. 48.
Taylor, ‘The Gorboduc stage’, p. 206.
Cited in Taylor, ‘Mercer and television drama’, p. 242.
Ibid., p. 48.
T. Kennedy Martin, ‘Nats go home’, Encore No. 48 (March-April 1964) p. 21.
Ibid., p. 23.
‘Reaction’, Encore No. 49 (May–June 1964) p. 45.
T. Kennedy Martin, ‘Up the Junction and after’, Contrast 4, 5–6 (Winter 1965-Spring 1966) p. 138.
T. Garnett, ‘Television in Britain: description and dissent’, Theatre Quarterly, 2, 6 (April-June 1972) p. 22.
Swinson’s book may be usefully compared to his earlier Writing for Television (London: Black, 1955).
New Statesman, 4 December 1954, p. 738.
C. Doncaster, ‘The story documentary’, in Rotha (ed.), Television in the Making, p. 44.
Ibid., pp. 44–5.
New Statesman, 25 August 1956, p. 214.
N. Swallow, ‘Documentary TV journalism’ in Rotha (ed.), Television in the Making, p. 54. For a general discussion of actuality documentary in the early 1950s see P. Scannell, ‘The social eye of television 1946–55’, Media, Culture and Society (1979) 1.
Bakewell and Garnham, The New Priesthood, p. 184.
Ibid.
The Listener, 2 April 1959, p. 608.
P. Purser, ‘Think-tape, a profile of Denis Mitchell’, Contrast, 1 (1961–2) p. 108.
BBC Handbook (1960) p. 55.
P. Scannell and D. Cardiff ‘Serving the nation: public service broadcasting before the war’, in B. Waites, T. Bennett and G. Martin (eds), Popular Culture: Past and Present (London: Croom Helm, 1982).
C. Parker, ‘The Radio Ballad’, New Society, 14 November 1963, p. 25.
Ibid., p. 26.
Ibid.
B. Holdsworth, ‘Songs of the people’, New Left Review, No. 1 (January-February 1960) p. 48.
N. Swallow, Factual Television (London: Focal Press, 1966) p. 84.
Ibid., p. 178.
The Listener, 16 June 1960, p. 1068.
Ibid.
Purser, ‘Think-tape, a profile of Denis Mitchell’, p. 114.
Swallow, Factual Television, p. 205.
Ibid., p. 185.
Ibid., p. 186.
Purser, ‘Think-tape, a profile of Denis Mitchell’, p. 114.
See Chapter 5 for a discussion of this film.
The Listener, 15 October 1959, p. 700.
The Listener, 5 November 1959, p. 784.
J. McGrath, ‘Better a bad night in Bootle’, Theatre Quarterly, 5 No. 19 (1975) pp. 42–3.
Ibid., p. 43.
Both Barr and Kennedy Martin were reported in P. Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, Contrast, 1 (1961–2) pp. 310–13.
Cited in Screen Education, No. 21 (September-October 1963) p. 18.
The Times, 6 January 1962, p. 4.
‘Z Cars and their impact: a conference report’, Screen Education, No.21 (September-October 1963) p. 17.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, Screen Education, No. 21 (September-October 1963) p. 13.
These details are drawn from the analysis in Chapter 3 of A. Hancock, The Small Screen (London: Heinemann Educational, 1965). See also M. Marland (ed.), Z Cars: Four Television Scripts (London: Longman, 1968).
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 309.
McGrath, ‘Better a bad night in Bootle’, p. 43.
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 309.
Ibid., p. 313.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, p. 8.
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 313.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, p. 10.
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 310.
Ibid., pp. 307–8.
New Statesman, 5 July 1963, p. 22.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, p. 10.
Cited in The Listener, 3 May 1962, p. 787.
The Times, 3 January 1962, p. 11.
The Times, 24 February 1962, p. 4.
The Listener, 18 January 1962, p. 145.
The Listener, 3 May 1962, p. 787.
A. Casey, ‘Blood without thunder’, Screen Education, No. 16 (September-October 1962) p. 27.
The Listener, 17 May 1962, p. 859.
Ibid.
J. Green, ‘A writer and his critics’, Contrast, 3, 2 (Winter 1963) p. 134.
Ibid., p. 131.
Spectator, 29 July 1955, p. 170.
The Listener, 14 July 1955, p. 76.
The Listener, 14 June 1956, p. 827.
K. Coppard, ‘Two television documentaries’, New Left Review, No. 3 (May–June 1960) p. 53.
Ibid.
Ibid.
‘Z Cars and their impact: a conference report’, p. 17.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, p. 13.
McGrath, ‘Better a bad night in Bootle’, p. 43.
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 315.
McGrath, ‘Better a bad night in Bootle’, p. 43.
Ibid.
‘Allan Prior and John Hopkins talking about the Z Cars series’, p. 12.
‘Z Cars and their impact: a conference report’, p. 20.
Casey, ‘Blood without thunder’, p. 27.
Swinson, Writing for Television Today, p. 129.
Casey, ‘Blood without thunder’, p. 25.
New Statesman, 29 June 1962, p. 950.
Sunday Telegraph and The Guardian, cited in Screen Education, No. 21 (September-October 1963) pp. 15–16.
J. Garforth, ‘Arnold Wesker’s mission’, Encore, No. 43 (May–June 1963) p. 42.
New Statesman, 5 July 1963, p. 22.
Lewis, ‘Z Cars’, p. 315.
New Statesman, 20 November 1954, p. 645.
B. Sendall, Independent Television in Britain vol. 1, Origin and Foundation 1946–62 (London: Macmillan, 1982) pp. 193–201.
W. Smethurst (ed.), The Archers — the first thirty years (London: NEL, 1981) p. 42.
Spectator, 8 April 1955, p. 440; The Listener, 6 January 1955, p. 36; New Statesman, 18 September 1954, p. 323.
The Listener, 15 April 1954, p. 665.
Spectator, 18 April 1958, p. 485.
New Statesman, 12 May 1956, p. 517.
W. Weatherby, ‘Granada’s Camino Real’, Contrast, 1 (1961–2) p. 285.
H. Goorney, The Theatre Workshop Story (London: Eyre Methuen, 1981) p. 74.
Weatherby, ‘Granada’s Camino Real’, p. 285.
R. Dyer, ‘Introduction’, in R. Dyer (ed.), Coronation Street (London: BFI, 1981) p. 4.
R. Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy (London: Chatto and Windus, 1957) p. 21.
R. Banham, ‘Coronation Street, Hoggartsborough’, New Statesman, 9 February 1962, p. 200.
D. Hill, ‘Phoney Street’, Screen Education, No. 5 (September 1960) p. 38.
T. Warren, I Was Ena Sharples’ Father (London: Duckworth, 1969) p. 58.
T.V. Times, 4–10 December 1960, cited in Teaching Coronation Street (London: BFI, 1983) p. 28.
R. Paterson, ‘The production context of Coronation Street’, in Dyer (ed.), Coronation Street.
P. Black, ‘A fair price’, Contrast, 3, 2 (Winter 1963) p. 85.
For a detailed description of the first episode see Teaching Coronation Street, pp. 28–32.
C. Geraghty, ‘The continuous serial — a definition’, in Dyer (ed.), Coronation Street, p. 10.
Ibid., p. 11.
Spectator, 24 March 1961, p. 405.
Weatherby, ‘Granada’s Camino Real’, p. 284.
G. Turner, The North Country (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1967) p. 406.
Weatherby, ‘Granada’s Camino Real’, p. 285.
Ibid., p. 282.
Spectator, 29 December 1961, p. 948.
Advertisement in New Statesman, 14 September 1962, p. 337.
Spectator, 5 January 1962, p. 16.
New Statesman, 12 January 1962, p. 63.
New Statesman, 26 January 1962, p. 122.
Banham’s article, ‘Coronation Street, Hoggartsborough’, (discussed in Chapter 1) was written in response to Killeen’s letter.
Spectator, 29 December 1961, p. 948.
S. Hall and P. Whannel, The Popular Arts (London: Hutchinson, 1964) pp. 203–4.
Dyer (ed.), Coronation Street.
Weatherby, ‘Granada’s Camino Real’, p. 289.
T. Lovell, ‘Ideology and Coronation Street’, in Dyer (ed.), Coronation Street, p. 52.
New Statesman, 12 January 1962, p. 63.
Lovell, ‘Ideology and Coronation Street’, p. 50.
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© 1986 Stuart Laing
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Laing, S. (1986). Television: Art, Reality and Entertainment. In: Representations of Working-Class Life 1957–1964. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18459-0_7
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