Abstract
In the opening chapter we classified elections into free competitive elections, dominant-party elections, candidate-choice elections, and elections by acclamation. When freedom is curtailed we naturally focus on how much, if any, is left; and we classify elections according to the way they are organised and conducted. Elections without choice tell us about the regime, not the electorate. Indeed such elections are designed to prevent us finding out about the opinions, attitudes, prejudices and choices of the electorate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
BECK, P. (1982) ‘Realignment Begins?’, American Politics Quarterly, vol. 10, pp. 421–37.
BERRINGTON, H. (1972) ‘Local Swings and National Roundabouts’, Swinton Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 27–33.
BLUMLER, J. and FOX, A. (1982) The European Voter: Popular Responses to the First Community Election (London: Policy Studies Institute).
BRODER, D. S. (1980) ‘The Democrats’, in R. Harwood (ed.), The Pursuit of the Presidency (New York: Berkley Books).
BURNHAM, W. D. (1978) ‘Great Britain: the Death of the Collectivist Consensus?’, in L. Maisel and J. Cooper (eds), Political Parties: Development and Decay (London: Sage).
BUTLER, D. and ROSE, R. (1960) The British General Election of 1959 (London: Macmillan).
BUTLER, D. and PINTO-DUSCHINSKY, M. (1971) The British General Election of 1970 (London: Macmillan).
CAMPBELL, A., CONVERSE, P. E., MILLER, W. E. and STOKES, D. E. (1966) Elections and the Political Order (New York: Wiley).
CARMINES, E. and STIMSON, J. (1984) ‘The Dynamics of Issue Evolution: The United States’ in R. Dalton et al. (eds), Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Societies (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
CREWE, I. and DENVER, D. (1985) Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility (Beckenham: Croom Helm).
DAHL, R. A. (1964) ‘Minorities Rules’, in L. J. Fein (ed.), American Democracy: Essays on Image and Realities (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
DREW, E. (1981) Portrait of an Election (New York: Simon & Schuster).
DYE, T. R. and ZEIGLER, L. H. (1983) American Politics in the Media Age (Monterey: Brooks Cole).
FLANIGAN, W. and ZINGALE, N. (1985) ‘United States’, in I. Crewe and D. Denver (eds), Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility (Beckenham: Croom Helm).
HEATH, A., JOWELL, R. and CURTICE, J. (1985) How Britain Votes (Oxford: Pergamon).
JACOBSON, G. C. (1983) The Politics of Congressional Elections (Boston: Little, Brown).
KELLY, S. (1983) Interpreting Elections (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
KEY, V. (1955) ‘A Theory of Critical Elections’, Journal of Politics, vol. 17, pp. 3–18.
KIRKPATRICK, J. J. (1983) The Reagan Phenomenon and Other Speeches on Foreign Policy (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute).
MANN, T. E. (1978) Unsafe at Any Margin: Interpreting Congressional Elections (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute).
MILLER, W. L. (1984) ‘There Was No Alternative: the British General Election of 1983’, Parliamentary Affairs, vol. 37, pp. 364–84.
MILLER, W. L. (1986) ‘Local Electoral Behaviour’, Committee of Inquiry into the Conduct of Local Authority Business, Research, Vol. III: The Local Government Elector. Cmnd 9800 (London: HMSO).
NIE, N. H., VERBA, S. and PETROCIK, J. R. (1976, 1979) The Changing American Voter (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press).
SARLVIK, B. and CREWE, I. (1983) Decade of Dealignment: the Conservative Victory of 1979 and Electoral Trends in the 1970s (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
SCHNEIDER, W. (1981) ‘The November Vote for President: What Did it Mean? in A. Ranney (ed.), The American Elections of 1980 (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute).
STOKES, D. (1981) ‘What Decides Elections?’ in D. Butler et al. Democracy at the Polls (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute).
TUFTE, E. R. (1975) ‘Determinants of the Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections’, American Political Science Review, vol. 69, pp. 816–26.
TUFTE, E. R. (1978) Political Control of the Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
WALLER, R. (1980) ‘The 1979 Local and General Elections in England and Wales: Is There a Local/National Differential?’, Political Studies, vol. 28, pp. 443–50.
WHITE, T. H. (1961) The Making of the President 1960 (New York: Atheneum).
WHITE, T. H. (1973) The Making of the President 1972 (New York: Atheneum).
Copyright information
© 1987 Martin Harrop and William L. Miller
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harrop, M., Miller, W.L. (1987). The Electoral Message: Interpreting Election Results. In: Elections and Voters. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18912-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18912-0_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-34760-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-18912-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)