Abstract
In this chapter we shall discuss a particular group of systems: cybernetic systems. In order to get an idea of the kind of system we mean, we can refer to Boulding’s typology (6.9.). Boulding [84] puts cybernetic systems at the third level. He says: ‘The next level is that of the control mechanisms or cybernetic systems, which might be nicknamed the level of the thermostat’. The main difference between third-level systems and those of the two preceding levels is that in cybernetic systems the transmission and interpretation of information play an essential role. Boulding says (1956) that there has been a great development in the area of study of this level, and that the theory of ‘control mechanisms’ has developed as a new discipline called cybernetics.
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© 1977 H. E. Stenfert Kroese B.V., Leiden
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Kramer, N.J.T.A., de Smit, J. (1977). Cybernetic Systems. In: Systems thinking. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4229-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4229-8_7
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