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Distribution and Rarity of Rhizophoraceae in Peninsular Malaysia

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Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia

Abstract

This paper attempts to review the distributions and rarity of Rhizophoraceae in Peninsular Malaysia. Results presented were from plot studies (11 sites), random field surveys (3 sites) and previously published reports. The primary data were from four sites in Johor (Belungkor Forest Reserve, Pulai Forest Reserve, Santi Forest Reserve and Tanjung Piai), four in Langkawi (Ayer Hangat, Sungai Kilim, Kisap Forest Reserve and Selat Tuba), two in Matang Forest Reserve (Compartment 49 and VJR), one in Selangor (West Port, Klang), one in Terengganu (Kuala Kemaman Forest Reserve), and one each in Melaka (Tanjung Tuan) and Negeri Sembilan (Port Dickson), respectively. Secondary data were obtained from reports of studies at Sungai Merbok Forest Reserve in Kedah, Matang mangrove forest in Perak, Sementa mangrove forest in Selangor, Kuala Sedili Forest Reserve, Johor, Terengganu mangrove forest, Terengganu and also a general survey throughout Peninsular Malaysia. All trees at 5 cm and above diameter were recorded in plot studies. A total of seven species from the family Rhizophoraceae were sampled at the study plots, the number of which ranged from two to six. The most common and highly abundant species in the study sites was Rhizophora apiculata with an estimated total of 1,184 trees (51.2 % of the total). Other abundant species were R. mucronata (25.5 %) and Ceriops tagal (12.2 %). The less abundant and restricted species in the study sites were Bruguiera cylindrica (3.80 %), B. gymnorrhiza (2.94 %), B. parviflora (4.06 %) and B. sexangula (0.30 %). Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops decandra, Kandelia kandel and Bruguiera hainesii were only found from random surveys and not in plot studies and are considered rare species. The Rhizophora x lamarckii and R. x annamalayana are considered very rare and endangered and were only found in Selat Kuah, Langkawi and Pulai Forest Reserve and Merbok Forest Reserve, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, Kedah Forestry Department for their cooperation and support. Thanks to the School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and also the Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Banji, Selangor, Malaysia

    W. A Wan Juliana & A. Latiff

  2. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

    M. S Razali

Authors
  1. W. A Wan Juliana
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  2. M. S Razali
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  3. A. Latiff
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. A Wan Juliana .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    I. Faridah-Hanum

  2. Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Banji, Malaysia

    A. Latiff

  3. Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  4. Ege University, Izmer, Turkey

    Munir Ozturk

Appendices

Appendix 1 Number of individuals for each species at the study sites for family Rhizophoraceae

Location

Species

No. of individuals

Source

Belungkur F.R., Johor

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

C. tagal

B. gymnorrhiza

B. cylindrica

59

53

45

5

6

Intan et al. (2003)

Sungai Pulai F.R.R, Johor

Avicennia marina

C. tagal

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

8

62

49

68

Jamaliah et al. (2003)

Sungai Santi F.R., Johor

R. mucronata

R. apiculata>

C. tagal

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

33

23

9

15

43

Sariah (2003)

Pulau Langkawi Ayer Hangat F.R

Kisap F. R

C. tagal

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

C. taga

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

15

10

46

29

3

64

Norhayati et al. (2005)

Kisap F.R.

C. tagal

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

2

114

64

Hafizah (2004)

Ayer Hangat F.R.

C. tagal

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

15

46

134

Fera Fizani (2004)

Pulau Langkawi M.F.

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

B. gymnorrhiza

B. parviflora

C. tagal

557

12

26

83

44

Norhayati & Latiff (2001)

Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan & Tanjung Tuan, Melaka

B. gymnorrhiza

C. tagal

R. apiculata

1

4

46

Gan (2006)

Kuala Kemaman F.R. Terengganu

B. cylindrica

B. gymnorrhiza

B. sexangula

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

6

2

7

188

20

Ida Suzilawate (2007)

Matang: VJR C49

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

62

20

Juliana & Nizam (2005)

West Port, Klang

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

B. cylindrica

B. gymnorrhiza

B. parviflora

C. tagal

77

25

26

18

2

58

Norhayati et al. 2007

Total

 

2313

 

Appendix 2 Distribution of Rhizophoraceae in Peninsular Malaysia

Location

Species

 

B. cylindrica

B. gymnorrhiza

B. hainesii

B. parviflora

B. sexangula

C. tagal

C. decandra

K. candel

R. apiculata

R. mucronata

R. stylosa

Source

Ayer Hangat F.R.

X

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

Norhayati et al. (2005), Fera Fizani (2004).

Kisap F.R.

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

Norhayati et al. (2005), Norhayati & Latiff (2001), Hafizah (2004).

Merbok F.R.

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

 

Aldrie & Latiff (2006)

Matang F.R.

X

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

 

Juliana & Nizam (2006), Shamsul et al. (2005)

West Port, Klang

X

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

Norhayati et al. (2007) –

Port Dickson& Tanjung.Tuan,

Melaka

 

X

   

X

  

X

  

Gan (2006)

Belungkur F.R.

X

X

   

X

  

X

X

 

Intan et al. (2003)

Sungai Pulai F.R.

X

   

X

X

  

X

X

X

Jamaliah et al. (2003)

Tanjung Piai

X

X

 

X

 

X

X

  

X

X

Mangrove flora of Tanjung Piai, Johor

Santi F.R.

X

X

X

 

X

X

  

X

X

X

Sariah (2003)

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Wan Juliana, W., Razali, M., Latiff, A. (2014). Distribution and Rarity of Rhizophoraceae in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Faridah-Hanum, I., Latiff, A., Hakeem, K., Ozturk, M. (eds) Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8582-7_2

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