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Trichogramma Nontarget Impacts: A Method for Biological Control Risk Assessment

  • Chapter
Nontarget Effects of Biological Control

Abstract

For much of its history, insect biological control has enjoyed a reputation as an environmentally safe and effective means of managing insect pests (DeBach 1974, Doutt 1972, Caltagirone 1981). However, over the past 15 years, questions have been raised regarding the potential impact of biological control on nontarget organisms (Howarth 1983, 1991; Simberloff 1992; Lockwood 1993a, b; Simberloff and Stiling 1996; Lockwood 1997). These concerns have prompted a much-needed discussion regarding the potential for nontarget effects and approaches for addressing this issue (Carruthers and Onsager 1993, Duan and Messing 1997, Van Driesche and Hoddle 1997, Frank 1998, Simberloff and Stiling 1998). Most of the discussion has focused on the risks posed by the importation and release of exotic natural enemies against exotic pests, i.e., classical biological control. Far less attention has been paid to the potential for nontarget effects from augmentative releases of natural enemies, even though this form of biological control may become more widespread in the future (Hoy et al. 1991, Moffat 1991, Parrella et al. 1992, Nordlund and Greenberg 1994, Nordlund et al. 1998).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    David B. Orr

  2. Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

    Carlos Garcia-Salazar

  3. Department of Entomology and Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, USA

    Douglas A. Landis

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  1. David B. Orr
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  2. Carlos Garcia-Salazar
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  3. Douglas A. Landis
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hawaii, USA

    Peter A. Follett

  2. University of Hawaii, USA

    Jian J. Duan

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Orr, D.B., Garcia-Salazar, C., Landis, D.A. (2000). Trichogramma Nontarget Impacts: A Method for Biological Control Risk Assessment. In: Follett, P.A., Duan, J.J. (eds) Nontarget Effects of Biological Control. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4577-4_8

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