Abstract
This chapter examines the problem of modeling and parameterization of the transmission pipeline flow process. First, the base model for discrete time is presented, which is a reference for other developed models. Then, the diagonal approximation (AMDA) method is proposed, in which the tridiagonal sub-matrices of the recombination matrix are approximated by their diagonal counterparts, which allows for a simple determination of the explicit form of the inverse matrix. Another suggestion is the Thomas model (ATM), in which the basic model is reformulated to a form to which the Thomas algorithm applies, at which the computational complexity of the order \(\mathcal {O}(N)\) can be obtained. The fourth suggestion is a steady state analytical model (AMSS), characterizing the steady state after transient processes. In addition, the parameterization of the discrete models in space and time is analyzed, proposing a method ensuring the maximum margin of numerical stability. This model is verified by means of simulation tests. Finally, the developed model is compared with the basic model, taking into account the accuracy and time of calculations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
API RP 1130: Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquid Pipelines. Recommended Practice from the American Petroleum Institute (2007)
Banda, M.K., Seaid, M.: Higher-order relaxation schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. J. Numer. Math. 13(3), 171–196 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1515/156939505774286102
Bauer, A.L., Loubére, R., Wendroff, B.: On stability of staggered schemes. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 46(2), 996–1011 (2008)
Besançon, G., Georges, D., Begovich, O., Verde, C., Aldana, C.: Direct observer design for leak detection and estimation in pipelines, In: 2007 European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 5666–5670 (2007)
Billmann, L., Isermann, R.: Leak detection methods for pipelines. Automatica 23(3), 381–385 (1987)
Bonzanini, A., Picchi, D., Poesio, P.: Simplified 1D incompressible two-fluid model with artificial diffusion for slug flow capturing in horizontal and nearly horizontal pipes. Energies 10, 1372 (2017)
Bridson, R.: Fluid Simulation for Computer Graphics, 2nd edn. CRC Press (2015)
Brogan, W.: Modern Control Theory, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall (1991)
Capuano, F., Mastellone, A., Angelis, E.D.: A conservative overlap method for multi-block parallelization of compact finite-volume schemes. Comput. Fluids 159, 327–337 (2017)
Chatzigeorgiou, D., Youcef-Toumi, K., Ben-Mansour, R.: Design of a Novel In-Pipe Reliable Leak Detector. IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 20, 824–833 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2014.2308145
Chen, Z., Zhang, J.: An unconditionally stable 3-D ADI-MRTD method free of the CFL stability condition. IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett. 11(8), 349–351 (2001)
Conte, S.D., de Boor, C.: Elementary Numerical Analysis: An Algorithmic Approach, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill (1980)
Courant, R., Friedrichs, K., Lewy, H.: On the partial difference equations of mathematical physics. IBM J. Res. Dev. 11(2), 215–234 (1967)
Czernous, W.: Numerical method of characteristics for semilinear partial functional differential systems. J. Num. Math. 16(1), 1–21 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1515/jnum.2008.001
Delgado-Aguiñaga, J.A., Besançon, G., Begovich, O., Carvajal, J.E.: Multi-leak diagnosis in pipelines based on extended Kalman filter. Control Eng. Prac. 49, 139–148 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.10.008
Demirci, S., Yigit, E., Eskidemir, I.H., Ozdemir, C.: Ground penetrating radar imaging of water leaks from buried pipes based on back-projection method. NDT E-Int. 47, 35–42 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.12.008
Duquette, J., Rowe, A., Wild, P.: Thermal performance of a steady state physical pipe model for simulating district heating grids with variable flow. Appl. Energy 178, 383–393 (2016)
Kamga, J.A., Desprs, B.: CFL condition and boundary conditions for DGM approximation of convection diffusion. SIAM J. Num. Anal. 44(6), 2245–2269 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1137/050633159
Gunawickrama, K.: Leak detection methods for transmission pipelines. Ph.D. Thesis, supervised by Z. Kowalczuk. Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk (2001)
Kornhaas, M., Schäfer, M., Sternel, D.C.: Efficient numerical simulation of aeroacoustics for low mach number flows interacting with structures. Comput. Mech. 55(6), 1143–1154 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-014-1114-1
Kowalczuk, Z., Gunawickrama, K.: Model-based cross-correlation method for leak detection in pipelines. Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola 4, 140–146 (1998)
Kowalczuk, Z., Gunawickrama, K.: Detection and localization of leaks in transmission pipelines. In: Korbicz, J., Kościelny, J.M., Kowalczuk, Z., Cholewa, W. (eds.) Fault Diagnosis. Models, Artificial Intelligence, Applications, pp. 821–864. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (2004)
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M.: Analytical modeling of flow processes: Analysis of computability of a state-space model. In: XI International Conference on Diagnostics of Processes and Systems, pp. 74.1–12. Łagów Lubuski (2013)
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M.: Approximate models and parameter analysis of the flow process in transmission pipelines. In: Kowalczuk, Z. (ed.) Advanced and Intelligent Computations in Diagnosis and Control, vol. 386, pp. 209–220. Springer IP, Switzerland (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23180-8_17
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M.: Numerical issues and approximated models for the diagnosis of transmission pipelines. In: Advances in the Diagnosis of Faults in Pipeline Networks, pp. 1–24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2017)
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M., Stefański, T.: Reduction of computational complexity in simulations of the flow process in transmission pipelines. In: Kościelny, J.M., Syfert, M., Sztyber, A. (eds.) Advanced Solutions in Diagnostics and Fault Tolerant Control, pp. 241–252. Springer, Cham (2018)
Kowalczuk, Z. Tatara, M.: Analytical steady-state model of the pipeline flow process. In 23rd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics, pp. 182–187. Miedzyzdroje, Poland, IEEE Xplore 2018; ISSN: 978-1-5386-4325-9/18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/MMAR.2018.8486066
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M.: Analytical ’steady-state’-based derivation and clarification of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition for pipe flow (internal report prepared for publication) (2019)
Li, S., Wen, Y., Li, P., Yang, J., Dong, X., Mu, Y.: Leak location in gas pipelines using cross-time-frequency spectrum of leakage-induced acoustic vibrations. J. Sound Vibration 333(17), 3889–3903 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.04.018
Li, S., Zhang, J., Yan, D., Wang, P., Huang, Q., Zhao, X., Cheng, Y., Zhou, Q., Xiang, N., Dong, T.: Leak detection and location in gas pipelines by extraction of cross spectrum of single non-dispersive guided wave modes. J. Loss Prevent. Process Ind. 44, 255–262 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.09.021
Lyra, P.R.M., Morgan, K.: A review and comparative study of upwind biased schemes for compressible flow computation. Part I: 1—D first—order schemes. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 7(1), 19–55 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02736185
Mandal, S.K., Chan, F.T.S., Tiwari, M.K.: Leak detection of pipeline: An integrated approach of rough set theory and artificial bee colony trained SVM. Exp. Syst. Appl. 39(3), 3071–3080 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.08.170
Namiki, T., Ito, K.: A new FDTD algorithm free from the CFL condition restraint for a 2D-TE wave. In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), vol. 1, pp. 192–195 (1999)
Ostapkowicz, P., Bratek, A.: Leak detection in liquid transmission pipelines during transient state related to a change of operating point. In: Kowalczuk, Z. (ed.) Advanced and Intelligent Computations in Diagnosis and Control, vol. 386, pp. 253–265. Springer IP, Switzerland (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23180-8
Sandberg, C., Holmes, J., Mccoy, K., Koppitsch, H.: The application of a continuous leak detection system to pipelines and associated equipment. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 25(5), 906–909 (1989)
Al-Shidhani, I., Beck, S., Staszewski, W.: Leak monitoring in pipeline networks uing wavelet analysis. Key Eng. Mater. 245–246, 51–58 (2003)
Stefański, T., Drysdale, T.D.: Parallel adi-bor-fdtd algorithm. IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett. 18(11), 722–724 (2008)
Thomas, L.H.: Elliptic Problems in Linear Difference Equations Over a Network. Watson Sci. Comput. Lab. Rept., Columbia University, New York (1949)
Thanh, M.D.: Building fast well-balanced two-stage numerical schemes for a model of two-phase flows. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Num. Simul. 19(6), 1836–1858 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2013.10.017
Thomas, J.W.: Numerical Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods, Texts in Applied Mathematics, vol. 22. Springer, New York, NY (1995)
Verde, C., Visairo, N., Gentil, S.: Two leaks isolation in a pipeline by transient response. Adv. Water Resourc. 30, 1711–1721 (2007)
Verde, C., Molina, L., Torres, L.: Parameterized transient model of a pipeline for multiple leaks location. J. Loss Preven. Process Ind. 29, 177–185 (2014)
Verde, C., Torres, L.: Referenced model based observers for leaks’ location in a branched pipeline In: The 9th International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) Symposium SAFEPROCESS-2015. Paris, France (2015)
Waleed, D., Mustafa, S.H., Mukhopadhyay, S., Abdel-Hafez, M.F., Jaradat, M.A.K., Dias, K.R., Arif, F., Ahmed, J.I.: An in-pipe leak detection robot with a neural-network-based leak verification system. IEEE Sens. J. 19(3), 1153–1165 (2019)
Wang, P., Ho, M.T., Wu, L., Guo, Z., Zhang, Y.: A comparative study of discrete velocity methods for low-speed rarefied gas flows. Comput. Fluids 161, 33–46 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.11.006
Wang, X.J., Lambert, M.F., Simpson, A.R., Liggett, J.A., Vitkovský, J.P.: Leak detection in pipelines using the damping of fluid transients. J. Hydraulic Eng. 128(7), 697–711 (2002)
Wang, X.Y.: A Summary of the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element. CESE) Method, NASA Report (2015)
Woodward, P., Colella, P.: The numerical simulation of two-dimensional fluid flow with strong shocks. J. Comput. Phys. 54(1), 115–173 (1984)
Yabe, T., Ogata, Y.: Conservative semi-lagrangian cip technique for the shallow water equations. Comput. Mech. 46(1), 125–134 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-009-0438-8
Yeung, P.K., Sreenivasan, K.R., Pope, S.B.: Effects of finite spatial and temporal resolution in direct numerical simulations of incompressible isotropic turbulence. Phys. Rev. Fluids 3(6) (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kowalczuk, Z., Tatara, M.S. (2021). Flow Process Models for Pipeline Diagnosis. In: Kulczycki, P., Korbicz, J., Kacprzyk, J. (eds) Automatic Control, Robotics, and Information Processing. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 296. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48587-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48587-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48586-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48587-0
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)