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Many habitats on the Earth have temperatures that are constantly or seasonally low. Approximately 80% of the biosphere will have a temperature of −3 to −7°C and 90% of the volume of marine habitats is below 5°C. The deep seas will have temperatures from −1°C to −4°C, glacial ice habitats will have temperatures around −5°C, while the Arctic and Antarctic areas have temperatures from −1°C to −35°C.

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Frisvad, J.C. (2008). Fungi in Cold Ecosystems. In: Margesin, R., Schinner, F., Marx, JC., Gerday, C. (eds) Psychrophiles: from Biodiversity to Biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74335-4_9

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