Abstract
Unusual polyhydroxyalkanoates (UnPHAs) constitute a particular group of polyoxo(thio)esters belonging to the PHA family, which are tailored with uncommon monomers. Thus, unusual PHAs include (1) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of microbial origin that have been synthesized either from natural monomers bearing different chemical functions, or from chemical derivatives of the natural ones and (2) PHAs obtained either by chemical synthesis or by physical modifications of naturally occurring polymers. Regarding their chemical structure, UnPHAs can be grouped in four different classes. Class 1 includes PHAs whose lateral chains contain double or triple bounds or/and different functional groups (methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetoxy, hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, cyano, phenyl, nitrophenyl, phenoxy, cyanophenoxy, benzoyl, halogen atoms, etc.). Classes 2 and 3 have been established regarding the nature of the PHA backbone; whereas class 2 includes PHAs in which the length of the monomer participating in the oxoester linkage has been modified (the hydroxyl group to be esterified is not located at C-3), class 3 groups those polymers in which some oxoester linkages have been replaced by thioester functions (thioester-containing PHAs). Finally, class 4 includes those PHAs that have been manipulated chemically or physically. In this chapter we shall describe the chemical structure of unusual PHAs belonging to these four classes; we shall analyse their biosynthetic particularities (if any), and we shall discuss some of their characteristics and biotechnological applications.
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Acknowledgements
We greatly acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Madrid, Spain; grant BFU2006-15214-C03-03) and the Junta de Castilla y León (Valladolid, Spain; grant LE40A06 2006). M.A. is the recipient of a fellowship from the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología. Although many other excellent reports have been published on the topic addressed in this chapter, here we have only included some of them. Our sincere excuses to all those scientists whose publications have not been included in the list of references owing to space limitations. Special thanks are also given to Neuron BPh (Granada, Spain).
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Olivera, E.R., Arcos, M., Naharro, G., Luengo, J.M. (2010). Unusual PHA Biosynthesis. In: Chen, GQ. (eds) Plastics from Bacteria. Microbiology Monographs, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_7
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