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Biometric Recognition: An Overview

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Second Generation Biometrics: The Ethical, Legal and Social Context

Part of the book series: The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology ((ELTE,volume 11))

Abstract

Prevailing methods of human identification based on credentials (identification documents and PIN) are not able to meet the growing demands for stringent security in applications such as national ID cards, border crossings, government benefits, and access control. As a result, biometric recognition, or simply biometrics, which is based on physiological and behavioural characteristics of a person, is being increasingly adopted and mapped to rapidly growing person identification applications. Unlike credentials (documents and PIN), biometric traits (e.g., fingerprint, face, and iris) cannot be lost, stolen, or easily forged; they are also considered to be persistent and unique. Use of biometrics is not new; fingerprints have been successfully used for over 100 years in law enforcement and forensics to identify and apprehend criminals. But, as biometrics permeates our society, this recognition technology faces new challenges. The design and suitability of biometric technology for person identification depends on the application requirements. These requirements are typically specified in terms of identification accuracy, throughput, user acceptance, system security, robustness, and return on investment. The next generation biometric technology must overcome many hurdles and challenges to improve the recognition accuracy. These include ability to handle poor quality and incomplete data, achieve scalability to accommodate hundreds of millions of users, ensure interoperability, and protect user privacy while reducing system cost and enhancing system integrity. This chapter presents an overview of biometrics, some of the emerging biometric technologies and their limitations, and examines future challenges.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Virus program(s) that hide within a set of seemingly useful software programs to facilitate unauthorized access to a hacker

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Acknowledgement

The authors thankfully acknowledge Dr. Jianjiang Feng, Tsinghua University, Dr. Salil Prabhakar, DigitalPersona, Dr. Karthik Nandakumar, Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), and Abhishek Nagar, Michigan State University for their constructive comments and suggestions. Part of Anil Jain’s research was supported by WCU(World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10008).

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA

    Anil K. Jain

  2. Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

    Anil K. Jain

  3. Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong

    Ajay Kumar

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Correspondence to Anil K. Jain .

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  1. Cittadinanza (CSSC), Centro per la Scienza, la Società e la, Piazza Capo di Ferro 23, Roma, 00186, Italy

    Emilio Mordini

  2. Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Informatics & Telematics Institute, 1st km Thermi-Panorama Road, Thermi-Thessaloniki, 570 01, Greece

    Dimitros Tzovaras

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Jain, A.K., Kumar, A. (2012). Biometric Recognition: An Overview. In: Mordini, E., Tzovaras, D. (eds) Second Generation Biometrics: The Ethical, Legal and Social Context. The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3892-8_3

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