Abstract
Three field trials were conducted in the early and late rainy season on a Piarco Series soil (Aquoxic Tropudults) in Central Trinidad to monitor downward movement of NH +4 -N and NO -3 -N under flat-tilled and ridge-tilled conditions as affected by mulch application. The first experiment was carried out in the early rainy season under bare-fallowed conditions, while okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was the test crop used in the two remaining trials, which were conducted during the early and late rainy season periods. The plots were fertilized with urea seven days after crop emergence and 14 days after land preparation for the cropped and bare-fallowed experiments respectively. Soil samples were collected weekly after fertilizer application and analyzed for NH +4 -N, NO -3 -N and soil water.
Urea application increased NH +4 -N levels in the soil and NH +4 -N was the dominant inorganic N form observed for the first four weeks after fertilization. Mulch application decreased NH +4 -N and NO -3 -N soil levels. Ridging the soil increased downward movement of NH +4 -N and NO -3 -N. Under bare-fallowed conditions, downward movement of NH +4 -N was noted in the 30 to 45 cm soil layer at seven days after fertilization, while under cropped conditions its movement was restricted to the 15 to 30 cm layer within the same period. In bare-fallowed soil, increased NO -3 -N and its downward movement was noted after four weeks of fertilization. In the cropped soil, downward movement of NO -3 -N was observed one week after fertilization in the early rainy season and three weeks after fertilization in the late rainy season.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad N & Gumbs FA (1978) Soil and Land Use Study of the Sugarcane Feeds Centre Project site, Longdenville. A report (unpublished) sponsored by the University of the West Indies and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
Ahmad, Kai H & Harada T (1969) Factors affecting immobilization and release of nitrogen in soil and chemical characteristics of the nitrogen newly immobilized. III Effect of carbon sources on immobilization and release of nitrogen in soil. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 15: 252–258
Arora Y & Juo ASR (1982) Leaching of fertilizer ions in a kaolinitic ultisol in the high rainfall tropics: Leaching of nitrate in field plots under cropping and bare fallow. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: 1212–1218
Barnes AC (1974) The Sugar Cane. Leonard Hill Books, London UK
Biggar JW (1978) Spatial variability of nitrogen in soils. In: Nielson DR & McDonald JG (ed) Nitrogen in the Environment, pp 201–211. Academic Press, New York, USA
Deare FM (1993) Pathways of nitrogen loss as affected by soil surface management of an Ultisol. Ph D Thesis, Dept. Soil Science, The Univ. West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. 282p
Chesney HA (1967) Denitrification in some Trinidad soils. M Sc Thesis, Dept. Soil Science, The Univ. West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago 86p
Fanning CD & Carter DL (1963) The effectiveness of a cotton bur mulch and a ridge-furrow system in reclaiming saline soils by rainfall. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 27: 703–706
Freney JR, Denmead OT, Wood AW, Saffigna PG, Chapman LS, Ham GJ, Hurney AP & Stewart RL (1992) Factors controlling ammonia loss from trash covered sugarcane fields fertilized with urea. Fert Res 31: 341–349
Griffith G ap (1952) The interception of rain water by a vegetable mulch. Trop Agrie (Trin) 21: 50–53
Keeney DR & Nelson DW (1984) Inorganic forms of nitrogen. In: Page AL, Miller RH & Keeney DR (eds) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Monograph 33, pp 643–698. ASA Inc., SSSA Inc. Publ., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Khan DH & Rashid GH (1971) Losses of nitrogen from urea in some soils of East Pakistan. Exp. Agric 7: 107–112
Meyer RD, Olson RA & Rhoades HF (1961) Ammonia losses from fertilized Nebraska soils. Agron J 53: 241–244
Nkrumah M (1982) Crop utilization of added N, movement of NO -3 -N and transformation of (NH2)2CO-N over varying seasons. M Sc Thesis, Dept. Soil Science, The Univ. West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. 83p
Omoti U, Ataga DO & Isenmila AE (1983) Leaching of losses of nutrients in oil palm plantations determined by tension lysimeters. Plant Soil 73: 365–376
Wild A (1972a) Mineralization of soil nitrogen at a savanna site in Nigeria. Exp Agric 8: 91–97
Wild A (1972b) Nitrate leaching under bare fallow at a site in Northern Nigeria. J Soil Sci 23: 315–324
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Deare, F.M., Ahmad, N., Ferguson, T.U. (1995). Downward movement of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in a flatland ultisol. In: Ahmad, N. (eds) Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7264-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1706-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive