Abstract
This book has detailed Zambia’s resource dependency, different state strategies to deal with international mining houses, and local political struggles to win greater financial return from copper extraction.1 The accounts offered raise issues at the heart of contested development debates that go beyond the case of Zambia and the important mining region of Southern Africa. This concluding chapter briefly explores the broader debate about mining in Africa and themes linked to characterizations of resource dependency. Countries like Ghana and Guinea, and also Mali, Tanzania, the DRC, and Burkina Faso, to select just a few, have wrestled over many years with the challenges of finding strategies to regulate and control transnational companies (TNCs), engaged in mining, facilitate increased and sustained levels of foreign direct investment (FDI), and manage the influence of the international financial institutions (IFIs)—the World Bank and the IMF. This chapter explores the nature of the problems that have beset African countries and surveys a range of diagnoses and cures promoted by individual African governments, locally based popular formations, and the IFIs themselves.
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Notes
Giovanni Arrighi, “The African Crisis,” New Left Review 15 (2002): 5–36.
see David Humphreys, “What Is This China,” Mining Journal (December 18–25, 2009): 14;
see also Keith Spence, “China’s Fresh Stance on Outbound Mining Investments,” in Mining Journal (November 27, 2009): 23–25.
Chris Alden, China in Africa (London: Zed Books, 2007).
World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000);
International Monetary Fund, “Regional Economic Outlook, Sub Saharan Africa,” Washington, DC: IMF (April 2009).
Ray Bush, “Food Riots: Poverty, Power and Protest,” journal of Agrarian Change 10, no. 1 (2010): 119–129.
Chris Allen, “Understanding African Politics,” Review of African Political Economy 22, no. 65 (1995): 301–320;
PricewaterhouseCoopers, “Mining Deals, 2008 Annual Review,” London: PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008),
PricewaterhouseCoopers, “Mine: When the Going Gets Tough. Review of Global Trends in the Mining Industry 2009,” London: Price water house Coopers (2009), 32.
Kathryn McPhail, “How Oil, Gas and Mining Projects Can Contribute to Development,” Finance and Development 37, no. 4 (2000): 45–46;
Department for International Development (DfID-UK) Eliminating World Poverty: Making Governance Work for the Poor (London: HMSO, 2006).
Quoted in Mary Kimani, “Mining to Profit Africa’s People,” Africa Renewal 23, no. 1 (2009): 4.
Economic Commission for Africa and African Union, “Economic Report on Africa 2008,” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA and African Union (2008), 43.
Greg Lanning, Africa Undermined (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1979).
On the orthodox view of the curse, see, for instance, Michael Ross, “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,” World Politics 51 (1999): 297–322;
Richard M. Auty, Sustaining Development in the Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis (London: Routledge, 1993).
Terry Lynn Karl, The Paradox of Plenty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neo-Liberal World Order (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006), 207.
Karl Marx, Capital, Volume 1 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1974), 668.
Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968 [1923])
Ray Bush, “ ‘Soon There Will Be No-one to Take the Corpses to the Morgue’: Accumulation and Abjection in Ghana’s Mining Communities,” Resources Policy 34, nos. 1–2 (2009): 57–63.
James Ferguson, Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 236.
Bonnie Campbell, “Revisiting the Reform Process of African Mining Regimes,” Canadian journal of Development Studies 30, nos. 1–2 (2010): 197–218.
Bonnie Campbell, ed., Regulating Mining in Africa: For Whose Benefit? (Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004), 7–8. This volume also includes excellent case studies on Ghana by Akabzaa, Mali (Hatcher), and Tanzania (Butler). This debate is updated and extended in Campbell, Mining in Africa.
See, for example, Graham Harrison, The World Bank and Africa: The Construction of Governance States (London: Routledge, 2004).
William T. Onorato, Peter Fox, and John E. Strongman, Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and Reform in Member Countries (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998).
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© 2010 Alastair Fraser and Miles Larmer
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Bush, R. (2010). Conclusion: Mining, Dispossession, and Transformation in Africa. In: Fraser, A., Larmer, M. (eds) Zambia, Mining, and Neoliberalism. Africa Connects. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115590_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115590_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-28944-8
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