Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 2/2017

13.03.2017 | Technical Note

Characterization and Quantification of the Phases Concentration of Cu60–Zn40 Alloy as Candidate Reference Material

verfasst von: J. M. Juárez-García, J.M. Yañez-Limón, A. Manzano-Ramírez, H. Rojas-Chávez, A. Rodríguez-López, F. Mercader-Trejo, R. Herrera-Basurto

Erschienen in: Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study describes the process of evaluating a commercially available copper–zinc alloy with the goal of creating an internal reference material. The intended use of this candidate reference material is to evaluate the percentage of alpha and beta phases to verify the accuracy in quantifying phase percentages according to the ASTM E562-11 “Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count.” The candidate also will be useful to validate some commercial programs designed for the quantification of phases. The characterized alloy had a commercial origin and was purchased in the domestic market. For the intended purposes, the alloy must have high chemical and microstructural homogeneity. Therefore, the evaluation of homogeneity was done by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and x-ray diffraction and by the method in ASTM E562-11, to finally determine the phase content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) provides a statistical test of whether or not the means of several groups are equal, and therefore generalizes the t test to more than two groups. ANOVAs are useful for comparing (testing) three or more means (groups or variables) for statistical significance. ANOVA was applied to evaluate the homogeneity of the alloy. This statistical tool is recommended in the ISO Guide 35:2006 to evaluate the variability among and within units. Precision was estimated under repeatability conditions. Precision obtained was of 5% and, according to the results of the ANOVA, it was found that the material is homogenous.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat T.B. Massalski, W. Scott (eds.), Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 2, 2nd edn. (ASM International, Geauga County, 1992) T.B. Massalski, W. Scott (eds.), Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 2, 2nd edn. (ASM International, Geauga County, 1992)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat G.F. Vander Voort (ed.), Metallography and Microstructures, vol. 9, 3rd edn. (ASM International, Geauga County, 2004) G.F. Vander Voort (ed.), Metallography and Microstructures, vol. 9, 3rd edn. (ASM International, Geauga County, 2004)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat ISO/TC 202 Microbeam analysis, ISO 22309:2011, Microbeam Analysis, Quantitative Analysis Using Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) for Elements with an Atomic Number of 11 (Na) or Above, 2nd edn. (2011) ISO/TC 202 Microbeam analysis, ISO 22309:2011, Microbeam Analysis, Quantitative Analysis Using Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) for Elements with an Atomic Number of 11 (Na) or Above, 2nd edn. (2011)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat ASTM E562-11, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011). http://www.astm.org ASTM E562-11, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011). http://​www.​astm.​org
5.
Zurück zum Zitat JCGM 100:2008 GUM 1995 with Minor Corrections, Evaluation of Measurement Data Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, 1st edn. (2008) JCGM 100:2008 GUM 1995 with Minor Corrections, Evaluation of Measurement Data Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, 1st edn. (2008)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Technical Committee ISO/REMCO, Committee on Reference Materials, ISO Guide 35:2006, Reference Materials—General and Statistical Principles for Certification, 3rd edn. (2006) Technical Committee ISO/REMCO, Committee on Reference Materials, ISO Guide 35:2006, Reference Materials—General and Statistical Principles for Certification, 3rd edn. (2006)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Rossbach, K.H. Grobecker, Homogeneity studies of reference materials by solid sampling AAS and INAA. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 4, 498–503 (1999)CrossRef M. Rossbach, K.H. Grobecker, Homogeneity studies of reference materials by solid sampling AAS and INAA. Accredit. Qual. Assur. 4, 498–503 (1999)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat T.P. Linsinger, J. Pauwels, A.M. Van Der, H. Schimmel, A. Lamberty, Homogeneity and stability of reference materials. Accred. Qual. Assur. 6, 20–25 (2001)CrossRef T.P. Linsinger, J. Pauwels, A.M. Van Der, H. Schimmel, A. Lamberty, Homogeneity and stability of reference materials. Accred. Qual. Assur. 6, 20–25 (2001)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Hartung, D. Argac, K. Makambi, Small sample properties of tests on homogeneity in one-way ANOVA and meta-analysis. Stat. Pap. 43, 197–235 (2002)CrossRef J. Hartung, D. Argac, K. Makambi, Small sample properties of tests on homogeneity in one-way ANOVA and meta-analysis. Stat. Pap. 43, 197–235 (2002)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat C.G. Martin, P.A. Games, ANOVA tests for homogeneity of variance: no normality and unequal samples. J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 2, 187–206 (1977)CrossRef C.G. Martin, P.A. Games, ANOVA tests for homogeneity of variance: no normality and unequal samples. J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 2, 187–206 (1977)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat D.K.G. de Boer, J.J.M. Borstrok, P.N. Brouwer, How accurate is the fundamental parameter approach XRF analysis of bulk and multilayer samples. X-Ray Spectrom. 22, 33–38 (1993)CrossRef D.K.G. de Boer, J.J.M. Borstrok, P.N. Brouwer, How accurate is the fundamental parameter approach XRF analysis of bulk and multilayer samples. X-Ray Spectrom. 22, 33–38 (1993)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Arai, Analytical precision and accuracy in X-ray fluorescence analysis. Rigaku J. 2, 26–38 (2004) T. Arai, Analytical precision and accuracy in X-ray fluorescence analysis. Rigaku J. 2, 26–38 (2004)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Falcone, G. Sommariva, M. Verita, WDXRF, EPMA and SEM/EDS quantitative chemical analyses of small glass samples. Microchim. Acta 155, 137–140 (2006)CrossRef R. Falcone, G. Sommariva, M. Verita, WDXRF, EPMA and SEM/EDS quantitative chemical analyses of small glass samples. Microchim. Acta 155, 137–140 (2006)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Goldstein, D.E. Newbury, D.C. Joy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, 3rd edn. (Springer, New York, 2003)CrossRef J. Goldstein, D.E. Newbury, D.C. Joy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, 3rd edn. (Springer, New York, 2003)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Ferraro, A. Wax, Z. Zalevsky, Coherent Light Microscopy: Imaging and Quantitative Phase Analysis (Springer, New York, 2011)CrossRef P. Ferraro, A. Wax, Z. Zalevsky, Coherent Light Microscopy: Imaging and Quantitative Phase Analysis (Springer, New York, 2011)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Breda, J. Basoni, F. Toldo, C. Bastianello, S.A. Ontiveros Vidal, I. Calliari, Comparative analysis on phase quantification methods in duplex stainless steels weldments. La Metall. Ital. 107(4), 3–7 (2015) M. Breda, J. Basoni, F. Toldo, C. Bastianello, S.A. Ontiveros Vidal, I. Calliari, Comparative analysis on phase quantification methods in duplex stainless steels weldments. La Metall. Ital. 107(4), 3–7 (2015)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat R.T. DeHoff, F.N. Rhines (eds.), Quantitative Microscopy (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1968) R.T. DeHoff, F.N. Rhines (eds.), Quantitative Microscopy (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1968)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat M.A. Ribeiro, J.M. Sasaki, S.S.M. Tavares, H.F.G. de Abreu, J.M. Neto, The use of X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and magnetic measurements for analysing microstructural features of a duplex stainless steel. Mater. Charact. 54, 387–393 (2005)CrossRef M.A. Ribeiro, J.M. Sasaki, S.S.M. Tavares, H.F.G. de Abreu, J.M. Neto, The use of X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and magnetic measurements for analysing microstructural features of a duplex stainless steel. Mater. Charact. 54, 387–393 (2005)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Barry Moser, G.R. Stevens, Homogeneity of variance in the two-sample means test. Am. Stat. 46(1), 19–21 (1992) K. Barry Moser, G.R. Stevens, Homogeneity of variance in the two-sample means test. Am. Stat. 46(1), 19–21 (1992)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat M.B. Brownab, A.B. Forsythec, Robust tests for the equality of variances. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 69(346), 364–367 (1974)CrossRef M.B. Brownab, A.B. Forsythec, Robust tests for the equality of variances. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 69(346), 364–367 (1974)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat D.C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, 4th edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 1997) D.C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, 4th edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 1997)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat J.W. Reid, J.A. Hendry, Rapid, accurate phase quantification of multiphase calcium phosphate materials using rietveld refinement. J. Appl. Cryst. 39, 536–543 (2006)CrossRef J.W. Reid, J.A. Hendry, Rapid, accurate phase quantification of multiphase calcium phosphate materials using rietveld refinement. J. Appl. Cryst. 39, 536–543 (2006)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat K.L. Scrivener, T. Füllmann, E. Gallucci, G. Walenta, E. Bermejo, Quantitative study of portland cement hydration by X-ray diffraction/rietveld analysis and independent methods. Cem. Concr. Res. 9, 1541–1547 (2004)CrossRef K.L. Scrivener, T. Füllmann, E. Gallucci, G. Walenta, E. Bermejo, Quantitative study of portland cement hydration by X-ray diffraction/rietveld analysis and independent methods. Cem. Concr. Res. 9, 1541–1547 (2004)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Characterization and Quantification of the Phases Concentration of Cu60–Zn40 Alloy as Candidate Reference Material
verfasst von
J. M. Juárez-García
J.M. Yañez-Limón
A. Manzano-Ramírez
H. Rojas-Chávez
A. Rodríguez-López
F. Mercader-Trejo
R. Herrera-Basurto
Publikationsdatum
13.03.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 2192-9262
Elektronische ISSN: 2192-9270
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-017-0340-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.