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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Characterization of the Territorial Unit

verfasst von : Raquel Tardin

Erschienen in: System of Open Spaces

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

The purpose of the general characterization of the territorial unit is to de fine the main aspects of a study area, which will be important for subsequent analyses. The characterization is an approximation of the area rather than a detailed study, and it comprises an introduction to the area and its territorial situation and the relief, climate, hydrography, infrastructure (i.e., roadways, urban services, and public transportation), vegetation, urban land use, and population characteristics.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Conceptual Questions

Nächstes Kapitel Recognition of Open Spaces and Their Urban Context: Open Spaces to Be Analyzed and Roles that They Can Play in Structuring Urban Occupation

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE. http://www.ibge.gov.br. Accessed 10 August 2003.

The geographical configuration of Rio de Janeiro and its surrounding area corresponds to a particular relief and hydrography. The massifs, plains, and water are constant patterns of the geography, constituting the main axes for the main territorial relationships between the settlements and the roadway infrastructure.

The peculiarity of the coastline, somewhere between the open sea and a bay, defined the first occupation of land, which was more protected in its interior, resulting in the present location of the traditional center of the metropolis. On the other hand, the accumulated water on the plains near the sea, the lagoons, and the mangroves was, throughout history and today, one of the main obstacles to the construction of settlements and infrastructure, giving rise to a necessary transformation of the landscape through the filling of the land and the modification of waterways to make urban consolidation possible (Amador 1992).

The observation of the current occupation of the area, from the perspective of roadway infrastructure and settlements that colonized rural and natural spaces, allows us to determine axes of the urban structure that are not yet consolidated, noting accessibility aspects and the main activities that support occupation (Abreu 1992; Amador 1992; Lobato 1992, among others).

The axes include the following.

•Fluminense lowlands. The traditional center of the metropolis, as well as the southern and northern zones of the central city, are fully consolidated areas. Historically, from the central city, there has been an urban continuum directed towards neighboring cities, where the axes of the roads Presidente Dutra (the main connection between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and Washington Luís, next to the railway and lower-scale roads, are the main guiding axes for the occupation of the great plains of the Fluminense lowlands. This area is characterized, primarily, by industrial activity.
•The Niteroi-Manilha axis and the oceanic part of Niterói. To the east, urban occupation largely follows the course of the Niteroi-Manilha road, which are aligned with industry and the coastline, from the city of Niterói to the city of Maricá, having great tourism value.
•The Avenida Brasil and Jacarepaguá lowlands axes. In the western zone of the central city, there is occupation of land around Avenida Brasil and the railway, by industry, and around the Jacarepaguá lowlands, between the Pedra Branca and Tijuca massifs, largely through the expansion of the tertiary sector and the construction of houses, and mainly in areas nearer the sea.

Source: SMAC 2000.

Source: Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1998). Anuário Estatístico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Pereira Passos.

Source: SMAC 2000.

The massifs are part of the Consórcio Mata Atlântica Brasil biosphere reserve (1992), which includes Atlantic Forest in several Brazilian states, including Rio de Janeiro.

Source: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (2001). Estudo e caracterização dos solos. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária.

Sources: Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (SMAC) (2000). Mapeamento e Caracterização do uso das terras e cobertura vegetal no município do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1984 e 1999. Rio de Janeiro: Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1999). Mapa de usos do solo e cobertura vegetal (pp. 2744–4 and 2745–3) (scale: 1:50.000). Rio de Janeiro: Fundação CIDE; Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1997). Mapeamento digital da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (scale: 1:2.000). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Pereira Passos.

Areas of vegetal communities described as marshland, cultivated land, and garden vegetation were separated from the original categories in SMAC (2000), at a scale of 1:2000, according to the digital cartography of Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1997).

Data are for October 2000, from the Secretary of Transport of the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro.

According to information to July 2003.

Information from interviews conducted with the professionals responsible for the projects and from material published by the responsible departments of the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro.

We understand “centralities” to be parts of settlements with large attraction potential that were consolidated in the urban evolution of the place with the polarizing of certain activities; e.g., commerce.

Urban conversion is intense to the west of the lowlands, in contact with Serra de Guaratiba, at the foot of the massifs. The small farms are in an advanced process of transformation into residences, countryside headquarters for schools and companies, having the presence of a few horse farms. (Bicalho 1992, p. 308, translated from the original)

To identify the characteristics of the population in the case study, data included in Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1998). Anuário Estatístico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Pereira Passos, and published data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), (http://www.ibge.gov.br. Accessed 20 August 2000) were analyzed.

The minimum wage in 2003 was about USD 80/month.

Abreu M (1992) A cidade, a montanha e a floresta. In: Abreu M (ed) Natureza e sociedade no Rio de Janeiro. Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp 54–103

Amador E (1992) Baía de Guanabara: um balanço histórico. In: Abreu M (ed) Natureza e sociedade no Rio de Janeiro. Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp 201–258

Bicalho AM (1992) Agricultura e ambiente no município do Rio de Janeiro. In: Abreu M (ed) Natureza e sociedade no Rio de Janeiro. Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp 285–316

Lobato R (1992) O meio ambiente e a metrópole. In: Abreu M (ed) Natureza e sociedade no Rio de Janeiro. Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp 27–36

Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (PCRJ) (1998) Guide to Rio de Janeiro’s environmental protection areas. Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (PCRJ), Rio de Janeiro

Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (SMAC) (1998) Estudo de impacto ambiental para o projeto de recuperação ambiental da Macrobacia de Jacarepaguá. Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro

Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (SMAC) (2000) Mapeamento e Caracterização do uso das terras e cobertura vegetal no município do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1984 e 1999. Secretaria de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro

Villaça F (1998) Espaço Intra-urbano no Brasil. Studio Nobel, São Paulo

Costa L (1969) Plano-Piloto para a urbanização da baixada compreendida entre a Barra da Tijuca, o pontal de Sernambetiba e Jacarepaguá. Governo do Estado da Guanabara, Estado da Guanabara

Titel: Characterization of the Territorial Unit
verfasst von: Raquel Tardin
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: System of Open Spaces
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4351-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-4352-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4352-0_3

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