Chemical Composition and Fungitoxic Activities of Pine Cone Extractives

Pine cones, a renewable resource, are not used to their potential. Large quantities of cones are produced annually throughout the world, especially in pine plantations grown for the pulp and paper industry. They are collected, dried to facilitate seed release, and generally discarded. Some nurseries grind the cones into mulch or they may be sold for crafts, but consumer demand for cones is small compared to by-products from other industries. New uses for pine cones could provide additional income for forest landowners.