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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Chemical Reaction

verfasst von : Hans-Jörg G. Diersch

Erschienen in: FEFLOW

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

The quantities r k α , R k α , R k , \(\tilde{R}_{k}\), \(\bar{R}_{k}\) or \(\bar{\tilde{R}}_{k}\) that appear in the species mass transport equations (3.​50), (3.​51), (3.​248) and (4.​71) and those of Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.9 3.11 and 4.6 represent rates of production of mass of chemical species k due to chemical reactions occurring within a phase α, termed as homogeneous reactions, or between two or more phases, termed as heterogeneous reactions.

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Fußnoten
1
Referring to radioactive decay processes the decay rate \(\vartheta _{k}\) is frequently expressed in terms of a reaction half-life t 1∕2k of species k, which is a specific solution of the reaction equation
$$\displaystyle{\frac{dC_{k}} {\mathit{dt}} = -\vartheta _{k}C_{k}}$$
applied to a simple chemical batch reaction (without diffusion/dispersion and advection). Its analytical solution yields
$$\displaystyle{C_{k} = C_{0k}{e}^{-\vartheta _{k}t}}$$
The time t for the concentration C k to decrease from the initial concentration C 0k to its half value \(\tfrac{1} {2}C_{0k}\) corresponds to the half-life t 1∕2. From above it results
$$\displaystyle{t_{1/2k} = \frac{\ln 2} {\vartheta _{k}}}$$
where ln2 = 0. 693 is the natural logarithm of 2. Accordingly, the decay rate \(\vartheta _{k}\) can be expressed by
$$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} \vartheta _{k} = \frac{\ln 2} {t_{1/2k}}& & {}\\ \end{array}$$
where the half-life t 1∕2k has to be specified for a given (radioactive) species k.
 
2
Considering the Michaelis-Menten reaction rate in the form \(\hat{R}_{A} = v_{m}C_{A}^{l}/(K_{m} + C_{A}^{l})\):
(i)
If C A l is large compared to K m then \(C_{A}^{l}/(K_{m} + C_{A}^{l}) \approx 1\) and the reaction rate becomes
$$\displaystyle{\hat{R}_{A} \approx v_{m}}$$
 
(ii)
If \(C_{A}^{l} = K_{m}\) then \(C_{A}^{l}/(K_{m} + C_{A}^{l}) = \tfrac{1} {2}\) and the reaction rate gives
$$\displaystyle{\hat{R}_{A} = \tfrac{1} {2}v_{m}}$$
 
(iii)
If If C A l is small compared to K m then \(C_{A}^{l}/(K_{m} + C_{A}^{l}) \approx C_{k}^{l}/K_{m}\) and it is
$$\displaystyle{\hat{R}_{A} = \frac{v_{m}} {K_{m}}C_{k}^{l}}$$
 
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Chemical Reaction
verfasst von
Hans-Jörg G. Diersch
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38739-5_5