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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Clean it Up

verfasst von : Sandra Postel

Erschienen in: Replenish

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

It was a sweet little Jack Russell terrier named Rosie who unwittingly became the proverbial canary in the coal mine for contaminated water in Long Island, New York. Annie and John Hall had just finished lunch on their deck on a sunny day in early September 2012 when they found their beloved pet in a state of toxic shock near the shores of Georgica Pond, where they’d lived and spent happy summers with their children and grandchildren for three decades. The Halls rushed Rosie to the vet, but she was able to hold on for only a few days. Scientists analyzed her tissue and found the culprit: microcystin, a toxin produced by blue-green algae that is so potent the US military lists it as a potential agent of biological warfare.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Conserve in the City

Nächstes Kapitel Close the Loop

US Army et al., Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds.

Pond and watershed areas from Friends of Georgica Pond Foundation, at friendsofgeorgicapond.org, viewed September 6, 2016.

Suffolk County Department of Health Services et al., “Investigation of Fish Kills Occurring in the Peconic River–Riverhead, N.Y.”

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, “Harmful Algal Blooms and Marine Biotoxins”; Hattenrath et al., “The Influence of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Loading and Meteorological Conditions on the Dynamics and Toxicity of Alexandrium fundyense Blooms in a New York (USA) Estuary.”

Garvey et al., “Opportunity & Critical Path for Water Technology Innovation.”

Diaz and Rosenberg, “Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems”; Diaz, “Overview of Hypoxia around the World”; Peconic Bay from Semple, “Long Island Sees a Crisis as It Floats to the Surface.”

Milman, “Florida Declares State of Local Emergency over Influx of ‘God-awful’ Toxic Algae”; NASA image from Parker, “Slimy Green Beaches May Be Florida’s New Normal”; microcystin levels from Carr, “Tests Reveal Florida’s Toxic Algae Is Threatening Not Only the Water Quality but Also the Air.”

Circle of Blue and the Everglades Foundation, “A State of Emergency: Toxic Algal Blooms Choke Water Supplies in Florida and Around the Globe,” remarks during live interactive broadcast, July 21, 2016.

Wines, “Behind Toledo’s Water Crisis, a Long Troubled Lake Erie.”

International Fertilizer Industry Association, “Nitrogen Fertilizer Nutrient Consumption,” electronic database at www.fertilizer.org.

Davis remarks made during Circle of Blue, “A State of Emergency: Toxic Algal Blooms Choke Water Supplies in Florida and around the Globe.”

Sawyer et al., “Continental Patterns of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Reveal Coastal Vulnerabilities”; Gorder, “Study Maps Hidden Water Pollution in U.S. Coastal Areas.”

Jennifer Garvey, associate director, New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, author interview conducted in East Hampton, New York, August 27, 2016.

Suffolk County (NY), “Comprehensive Water Resources Management 2015: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps.”

Garvey, email communication, September 26, 2016.

Suffolk County (NY) Departments of Economic Development & Planning, Health Services, and Public Works, “Advanced Wastewater & Transfer of Development Rights Tour Summary.”

Commercial and recreational values are from US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “NOAA-Supported Scientists Find Large Gulf Dead Zone, but Smaller than Predicted.”

White et al., “Nutrient Delivery from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and Effects of Cropland Conservation.”

Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force, 2015 Report to Congress.

NOAA, “Average ‘Dead Zone’ for Gulf of Mexico Predicted.”

Ibid.; NOAA, “NOAA and Partners Cancel Gulf Dead Zone Summer Cruise.”

NOAA, “NOAA and Partners Cancel Gulf Dead Zone Summer Cruise.”

Strom, “Cover Crops, a Farming Revolution with Deep Roots in the Past.”

Bryant et al., Counting Cover Crops; Maryland from Strom, “Cover Crops, a Farming Revolution.”

McIsaac et al., “Illinois River Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentrations and Loads: Long-Term Variation and Association with Watershed Nitrogen Inputs”; updated finding and quote from University of Illinois, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, “Illinois River Water Quality Improvement Linked to More Efficient Corn Production.”

Murphy et al., Nitrate in the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries.

Rabotyagov et al., “Cost-Effective Targeting of Conservation Investments to Reduce the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone.”

Wetland loss from Wires et al., Upper Mississippi Valley/Great Lakes Waterbird Conservation Plan.

Groh et al., “Nitrogen Removal and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Constructed Wetlands Receiving Tile Drainage Water.”

University of Illinois, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, “Wetlands Continue to Reduce Nitrates.”

Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force, “Hypoxia Task Force Success Stories,” at epa.gov, viewed September 26, 2016; 6 percent from Miller, “Building Wetlands for Clean Drinking Water”; Mitsch et al., “Reducing Nitrogen Loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Strategies to Counter a Persistent Ecological Problem.”

Environmental Working Group, “Dead in the Water.”

Titel: Clean it Up
verfasst von: Sandra Postel
Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch: Replenish
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-924-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-791-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-791-9_8