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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

20. Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health in South Africa

verfasst von : Eugene Cairncross, Aqiel Dalvie, Rico Euripidou, James Irlam, Rajen Nithiseelan Naidoo

Erschienen in: Climate Change and Air Pollution

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Climate change and air pollution pose significant short-term and long-term health risks to South Africans due to the carbon intensity of the national economy, the severe air pollution around coal mining and coal-fired power stations in many widespread populated areas and the particular vulnerability of many subgroups in a country burdened by extreme inequality and a severe quadruple epidemic of acute and chronic disease.
There are limited local studies on the respiratory, cardiovascular and other health risks of air pollution. Inadequate disease surveillance and air quality data pose a challenge for monitoring and research.
A number of interventions to mitigate or adapt to climate change with important co-benefits for air quality and public health are described for the following economic sectors: energy, industry, human settlements, transport, healthcare and business sector.
There is good policy commitment to address climate change and air pollution, but implementation needs to be drastically improved.

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Fußnoten
1
GDP (PPP): Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
 
2
An area may be declared a priority area if the “Minister …. reasonably believes that... ambient air quality standards are being, or may be, exceeded in the area ..” [National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004, Chapter 4].
 
3
Actual consumption and production data are not publicly available.
 
6
Fin24. Eskom review endangers biggest Africa renewable power plan. Jul 28 2016. http://​www.​fin24.​com/​Economy/​Eskom/​eskom-review-endangers-biggest-africa-renewable-power-plan-20160728
 
7
Department of Environmental Affairs’ annual National Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Reports https://​www.​environment.​gov.​za/​otherdocuments/​reports
 
8
Model projections from CMIP5 for RCP8.5 and RCP2.6.
 
9
World Resources Institute Aqueduct Global Flood Analyzer, which assumes continued current socio-economic trends and a 25-year flood protection. http://​www.​wri.​org
 
10
Another study calculated that in order to generate enough electricity to meet current South African demand (approx. 250 TWh/year), 0.6% of available South African land mass would need to be dedicated to wind farms with an installed capacity of approx. 75 GW (Energy Centre 2016).
 
11
Coal power plants consume 7–8% of the power that they produce, which will reduce national power demand.
 
12
Health Care Without Harm https://​noharm-global.​org/​
 
13
Personal communication with Prof Edda Weimann, GSH Climate Change Management Team.
 
14
The National Business Initiative (NBI) in South Africa is a voluntary coalition of South African and multinational companies since 1995 undertaking business action for sustainable growth www.​nbi.​org.​za
 
15
The Green Building Council SA is a non-profit company formed in 2007 to lead the greening of South Africa’s commercial property sector.
 
16
Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) Climate Change and Air Quality Unit https://​www.​environment.​gov.​za/​branches/​climatechange_​airquality
 
17
eThekwini Health and Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007: Air Quality Management Plan for eThekwini Municipality.
 
18
South African Petroleum Refinery (Pty) Ltd. http://​www.​sapref.​com/​
 
19
DEA (2007) South Durban Basin Multi-Point Plan Case Study Report: Governance Information.
Publication Series C Book 12. Output A2: DEAT AQA Implementation: Air Quality Management Planning
Authors: Lisa Guastella*, Svein Knudsen^ October 2007. *Zanokuhle Environmental Services (ZES)
^ Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health in South Africa
verfasst von
Eugene Cairncross
Aqiel Dalvie
Rico Euripidou
James Irlam
Rajen Nithiseelan Naidoo
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61346-8_20