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2011 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Climate Change and Transboundary Waters

verfasst von : Heather Cooley, Juliet Christian-Smith, Peter H. Gleick, Lucy Allen, Michael J. Cohen

Erschienen in: The World’s Water

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

Freshwater is a fundamental resource, integral to all ecological and societal activities, including food and energy production, transportation, waste disposal, industrial development, habitat for fish species, and human health. Yet freshwater resources are unevenly and irregularly distributed, with some regions of the world extremely short of water. Political borders and boundaries rarely coincide with borders of watersheds, ensuring that politics inevitably intrude on water policy. Indeed, over 260 river basins are shared by two or more nations. Just as oil creates disputes between states, water also plays a role in international conflicts. Inequities in the distribution, use, and consequences of water management have been a source of tension and dispute. In addition, as previous volumes of The World’s Water have explored (see, for example, Gleick 1998), water resources have been used to achieve military and political goals, and water systems and infrastructure, such as dams and supply canals, have long been military targets.

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Fußnoten
2
Treaty of Limits Between France and the Netherlands, 1820; the Convention between the Delegates of the Riparian States of Lake Constance: Bade, Bavaria, Austria, Switzerland and Wurtemberg, Concerning the Regulation of the Flow of Water of Lake Constance near Constance, 1857; and Treaty for the Regulation of Water Withdrawal from the Meuse, Signed at the Hague, 1863.
 
3
The ten nations sharing the Nile are Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. While the Central African Republic also has a tiny fraction of land in the watershed (0.04 percent of the watershed), they have never claimed any legal representation or acted as a riparian in any way.
 
4
Here, institutional capacity is defined as international water management bodies and freshwater treaties related to transboundary river flood events.
 
5
Eritrea and the Central African Republic, which lie within a very small portion of the Nile Basin but are not riparian countries, are not members of the Initiative.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Climate Change and Transboundary Waters
verfasst von
Heather Cooley
Juliet Christian-Smith
Peter H. Gleick
Lucy Allen
Michael J. Cohen
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-59726-228-6_1