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2022 | Buch

Climate Policy Integration

A Comparative Analysis of Land Use Change and Energy Sectors in Indonesia and Mexico

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Über dieses Buch

This book analyzes climate policy integration processes by investigating cause-effect relations in cases of integrating climate policy in energy and land-use sectors of Indonesia and Mexico, taking a novel comparative case study approach. The book identifies root causes for integration outside of the public administration, discussing decisive factors in the political economy of the energy and land-use sectors. Showing how policy windows may open for the successful integration of climate policies nevertheless, the book addresses the need to identify and properly use these windows to establish the administrative and institutional arrangements for effective climate policy implementation.

This book offers two-fold insights for overcoming the challenges posed by climate policy integration: Firstly, it contributes to theory-building by amending theories of the policy process and by taking a wider perspective on the role of integration in the context of transformational change processes in emerging economies. Secondly, it sets forth a set of research-based practical policy recommendations on how to foster climate policy integration in the political decision-making processes as well as the public administration structures. Therefore, this book will appeal to scholars and researchers of public policy, public administration, political science, and environmental sciences, as well as policy-makers and practitioners interested in a better understanding of climate policy integration in energy and land-use sectors.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Climate Policy Integration: Widely Called for, But Contested in Implementation

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. The Case for Climate Policy Integration
Abstract
A large challenge for climate policymakers is to integrate climate objectives across the range of policy sectors, which play important parts to achieve national mitigation targets. Such integration is reportedly challenged by stovepipe structures of public administrations, and institutional fragmentation, including oftentimes diverging ideas, interests, and mandates of policy actors in the climate and sectoral policy fields. Notwithstanding, there are mounting calls by the international community and concerned policy actors for more climate policy integration (CPI). However, scientific research has not provided sufficient empirical analysis of CPI and theoretical explanations with regard to the conditions under which CPI may unfold. Consequently, this book shows how Mexico and Indonesia are addressing challenges of CPI, explains the observed degrees of CPI, and provides recommendations for more effective integration.
Heiner von Lüpke
Chapter 2. Concepts and Theories for CPI
Abstract
Policy integration is an emerging scientific field, which is used to advance understanding and real-life policymaking to address recent day, complex, and urgent problems such as climate change. This book uses a definition of climate policy integration as being characterized by the increasingly ambitious incorporation of climate policy goals into all stages of policymaking and governance systems in other policy fields, and by attempts to minimize contradictions between climate policy and other policies. CPI is not an end in itself, but sectoral integration is an inherent feature of climate policy that leads to an integrated climate policy and related policy outcomes. In this book, CPI accounts for fine balances between climate policy objectives and development priorities, as they are typically defined by sectoral policy fields.
Heiner von Lüpke
Chapter 3. Compound Comparative Analysis: Motivations for Country and Sector Selection and Methods
Abstract
This book uses qualitative case study research to analyze the processes and factors related to CPI in two very different sectors—land use change and forestry (LUCF) and energy—across two emerging economies, Indonesia and Mexico. The logic of comparison follows a most different systems design across these sectors and applies a compound approach: Comparative results across sectors are then compared across countries to understand whether variations and specific concatenations still hold true or not. CPI is analyzed in each of the cases on two levels that play a role in integration, i.e., the political sphere and the public administration level. Methods include semi-structured interviews, process tracing as well as an iterative approach between data and hypotheses to identify causal mechanisms to explain CPI.
Heiner von Lüpke

Pathways for Climate Policy Integration

Frontmatter
Chapter 4. Introduction to Countries and Sectors: Energy and LUCF Sectors of Mexico and Indonesia
Abstract
Four cases of CPI in Mexico’s and Indonesia’s energy and LUCF sectors are introduced. Up until 2020, Indonesia has a low degree of renewable energy deployment, despite moderately ambitious policy targets for energy and climate. The reliance and dependency on fossil fuels are high, in particular on coal for domestic use and revenue generation through export. At the same time, Mexico’s energy and climate policy fields are characterized by political attempts to boost renewable energy: initially through top-down target setting, and later through the successful promulgation of the energy transition law. Both Mexico and Indonesia show high rates of deforestation and GHG emissions, driven mostly by expansion of agricultural crops, but institutional arrangements differ and so does the use of international support.
Heiner von Lüpke
Chapter 5. Four Cases of Climate Policy Integration: Energy and LUCF Sectors of Mexico and Indonesia
Abstract
The Indonesian energy sector shows a low degree of CPI, strikingly not only at the political but also at the administrative level. Reasons include that the political economy of coal precludes policy windows from opening, and in its course, international support and public administration cannot find integration pathways into the sector. Mexico’s energy sector shows medium degrees of CPI, mainly due to the promulgation success of the energy transition law. However, the vertical public administration structure does not facilitate integration. Indonesia’s LUCF sector features low to medium degrees of CPI with an opening policy window for improving land use governance, albeit insufficiently used by climate policy actors. Mexico’s LUCF CPI degree is low, mostly due to lack of political attention to the sector, while international support does not contribute to sufficient integration.
Heiner von Lüpke

The Bigger Picture: Climate Policy Integration Approaches in the Context of Transformational Change

Frontmatter
Chapter 6. Toward a CPI Typology
Abstract
Four generic types of integrated climate policies are presented, which are developed on basis of different degrees of CPI, the principal mechanism of integration, combinations of policy goals and instruments, and estimates of combined climate-sectoral outcomes. In rising order of outcomes, these are the climate-relevant sectoral policies (climate-relevant, but developed without explicit climate objectives), the symbolic meta-policy type (compilation of existing climate-relevant sector policies), joint new policy type (developed by a combination of climate and sectoral motives), and the paradigmatic policy change type (as former type, but involving radical new calibrations). While the first three types are identified empirically in the case studies, the fourth type is proposed on basis of the available information and deemed as fit to achieve the Paris Agreement goals.
Heiner von Lüpke
Chapter 7. Building Theories: CPI in the Context of Transformational Change
Abstract
The results of the case overarching comparison of causal mechanisms show that the main drivers for the integration of climate and sectoral policies are found in the political economy of the cases. For instance, while the fossil fuel economy favored integration in Mexico’s energy sector, it prevented the integration of climate policy in Indonesia’s energy sector. In contrast, the public administration presents a barrier to the integration of policies in all cases, despite the existence of cross-sectoral coordination structures. Hence, the sectoral features of land use change and energy as such do not make a difference, but rather the way in which political economy issues are addressed in these sectors that matters. These findings lead to modifications of existing policy process theories, including that CPI is inseparable from wider concepts of transformational change.
Heiner von Lüpke
Chapter 8. Policy Recommendations and Outlook
Abstract
The case studies allow to draw overall conclusions of relevance to the international climate policy community. Firstly, low to medium degrees of CPI are alarming, as it bears the risk that an important instrument to transport climate ambition into sectors is underdeveloped. Policymakers should dedicate more attention to understanding and developing CPI approaches to ensure that Paris Agreement objectives can be achieved. Secondly, problems of “policy coordination” have often drawn attention to the public administration but have root causes in an adverse political economy environment. Hence, policymakers are advised to work on solutions on both levels. Thirdly, CPI is closely linked to transformational change, which implies that policy actors need to consider non-state drivers which are outside the public sector, and not resort to public spheres only.
Heiner von Lüpke
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Climate Policy Integration
verfasst von
Heiner von Lüpke
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-18927-2
Print ISBN
978-3-031-18926-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18927-2