1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 System model
3.1 Cluster tree topology
3.2 Energy consumption model
4 Cluster tree topology construction method based on particle swarm optimization algorithm
4.1 Particle swarm optimization algorithm
4.2 Cluster tree topology construction for ZigBee WSNs using PSO
5 Simulation results and discussion
Number of nodes | 100 |
Observation area | 100 m × 100 m |
Node communication radius | 30 m |
Transmission power | 35 mW |
Received power | 12.5 mW |
Communication speed | 250 kbps |
Amount of information | 1000 bits |
Round time | 30 s |
battery capacity | 100 J |
c
1,
c
2
| 2,2 |
population size | 200 |
Number of generations | 500 |