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2018 | Supplement | Buchkapitel

Colonial Sydney: A Cartographic Record of Change

verfasst von : Robert Clancy, Alice Tonkinson

Erschienen in: Dissemination of Cartographic Knowledge

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This review of the cartographic record of colonial Sydney illustrates change from an isolated English penal colony of 1000 inhabitants, to an independent international city of half a million. Patterns of map production and distribution reflect changes in society and the structural evolution of a ‘world city.’ Histiocartographic analysis illustrates the:

transition from a make-shift village to a world centre,

evolution from a penal colony (1788–1840) via a ‘nodal city’ controlling exports, to an international city, important in its own right,

and the switch from a small, ‘walking city’ with colonial outposts to an urban/suburban complex absorbing its rural hinterland (the Cumberland Plain).

Printed maps and their publication and distribution characteristics both illustrate change, and add to the dynamic with their focus on colonial printing history. Maps in the First Fleet Journals (1789–1792) show early hope, then disappointment while those of French visitors (Baudin, 1802) depict a composite and busy village. The impact of Macquarie is seen in a map by Thomas Mitchell (Surveyor General), published with the “NSW Calendar & Directory” (1831), a list of residents connected with ‘the General Post Office.’ It was the first local, commercially lithographed map, and represented a watershed moment when Australian printing could replace cheaper printing in Europe. Traditional European sources (e.g. printed atlases, Hansard, published journals) contained few large-scale maps of Sydney—from this time nearly all important maps were published by local printers.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Mapping the Metropolis: Analysing Map Production in Lyon and São Paulo in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Nächstes Kapitel Invariable Image of Cyprus: Reproduction of Siege Maps of Nicosia and Famagusta

Johnson describes Governor Phillip’s ‘Albion’ (Sydney) as “conceived more as a diagram of hope than as a practical affair… by gematria, the substitution of numbers for letters” (1992: 38–44).

Arthur Phillip’s journal, The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay (1789) was published just 1 year after the colony was established at Sydney Cove. It includes Phillip’s idea of how he wished Sydney to be developed: Sketch of Sydney Cove. Port Jackson in the County of Cumberland.

Immediately prior to Phillip’s departure, he commissioned a second map to record how plans were put into place [A survey of the Settlement in New South Wales. New Holland (1792)]. The manuscript is held by State Records, Sydney and includes written comment by Phillip that no land to the west of the boundary can be granted or leased—a forlorn hope!

Six volumes written by officials arriving in 1788 and known as the First Fleet Journals, were published between 1789 and 1798. Three contained important maps of early Sydney: Phillip (see footnote 2 above); A Map of all those Parts of the Territory of New South Wales…belonging to the Settlement established at Port Jackson.by William Dawes (1792) published in An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island…(1793) by John Hunter; and A Map of the hitherto explored country contiguous to Port Jackson… by Captain Watkin Tench, published in his A Complete Account of the Settlement of New South (1793). The maps by Dawes and Tench are the first to record the immediate hinterland to the colony at Sydney Cove—areas later to be incorporated into modern Sydney.

At the time of crossing, the Great Divide had confined Sydney to the Cumberland Plain for 25 years. Two general maps identifying the then limits of settlement were published. The first by David Dickenson Mann (1811) in The Present Picture of New South Wales [A new Plan of the Settlement of New South Wales (1810)] identifies the districts of settlement, while Plan of the Allotments of Ground, granted from the Crown in NSW (1814), J. Burr and G. Ballisat sold with a guide for immigrants, details specific grants in this region.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016) 3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0. Last accessed 15 Mar 2017

Burr J and Ballisat G (1814) An acurate list of the names of the land-holders, in the colony of New South Wales; pointing out the number of aces in each district, as granted from the Crown. Burr & Co, London

Hunter J (1793) An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island with the discoveries which have been made in New South Wales and in the southern ocean since the publication of Phillip’s voyage, compiled from the official papers, including the journals of Governors Phillip and King and of Lieut. Ball, and the voyages from the first sailing of the Sirius in 1787, to the return of that ship’s company to England in 1792. John Stockdale, London

Johnson PA (1992) In the beginning: from the first fleet to Macquarie. Globe 37:38–44

Mann DD (1811) The present picture of new South Wales. John Booth, London

Phillip A (1789) The voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay. John Stockdale, London

Tench W (1793) A complete account of the settlement at port Jackson, in new South Wales: including an accurate description of the situation of the colony; of the natives; and of its natural productions. G. Nicol and J, Sewell, London

Titel: Colonial Sydney: A Cartographic Record of Change
verfasst von: Robert Clancy
Alice Tonkinson
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Dissemination of Cartographic Knowledge
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61514-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-61515-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61515-8_3

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