Comparative Analysis on Battery Used in Solar Refrigerated E-Rickshaw in India

Solar refrigerated hybrid E-rickshaws have gained more popularity due to zero carbon emission, less energy consumption, comfortable and light transport in the last few years which used in congested Indian cities for urban transport. Most of these E-rickshaws were used four to six lead-acid batteries. The weight of these batteries was lies between 110 and 200 kg which was highly effects on the driving range of E-rickshaws. Then, the driving range of E-rickshaw was not more than 110 km and which required to replace in 1.5 years to maintaining driving range. E-rickshaw used lithium-ion battery which was facing difficulties in terms of accurate health due to various internal and external factors. Lithium-ion battery bank used for E-rickshaw was lighter in weight and longer driving range provided as compared to the lead-acid battery bank. This research paper focuses on all issues and challenges to using lithium-ion battery bank for E-rickshaw with possible solutions which include technological development in the state of health and remaining useful life for current and future.