Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 7/2011

01.10.2011

Computational Investigation of Hardness Evolution During Friction-Stir Welding of AA5083 and AA2139 Aluminum Alloys

verfasst von: M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, C.-F. Yen, B. A. Cheeseman

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Ausgabe 7/2011

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A fully coupled thermo-mechanical finite-element analysis of the friction-stir welding (FSW) process developed in our previous work is combined with the basic physical metallurgy of two wrought aluminum alloys to predict/assess their FSW behaviors. The two alloys selected are AA5083 (a solid-solution strengthened and strain-hardened/stabilized Al-Mg-Mn alloy) and AA2139 (a precipitation hardened quaternary Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy). Both of these alloys are currently being used in military-vehicle hull structural and armor systems. In the case of non-age-hardenable AA5083, the dominant microstructure-evolution processes taking place during FSW are extensive plastic deformation and dynamic re-crystallization of highly deformed material subjected to elevated temperatures approaching the melting temperature. In the case of AA2139, in addition to plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, precipitates coarsening, over-aging, dissolution, and re-precipitation had to be also considered. Limited data available in the open literature pertaining to the kinetics of the aforementioned microstructure-evolution processes are used to predict variation in the material hardness throughout the various FSW zones of the two alloys. The computed results are found to be in reasonably good agreement with their experimental counterparts.
Nächster Artikel Study of the Temperature Variations of Al and Ti in Mechanical Alloying

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
“Armor Plate, Aluminum Alloy, Weldable 5083 and 5456,” MIL-DTL-46027J, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington DC, August 1992
2.
A. Cho, Alcan Rolled Products, Ravenswood, WV, Private Communication, June 2009
3.
“Armor Plate, Aluminum Alloy, 7039,” MIL-DTL-46063H, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington DC, December 1992
4.
“Aluminum Alloy Armor, 2219, Rolled Plate and Die Forged Shapes,” MIL-DTL-46118E, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington DC, August 1998
5.
“Aluminum Alloy Armor Rolled Plate (1/2 to 4 Inches Thick), Weldable (Alloy 2519),” MIL-DTL-46118E, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington DC, February 2000
6.
W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.C. Needham, M.G. Murch, P. Temple-Smith, and C.J. Dawes, Friction Stir Butt Welding, International Patent Application No. PCT/GB92/02203, 1991
7.
C.J. Dawes and W.M. Thomas, Friction Stir Process Welds Aluminum Alloys, Weld. J., 1996, 75, p 41–52
8.
W.M. Thomas and R.E. Dolby, Friction Stir Welding Developments, Proceedings of the Sixth International Trends in Welding Research, S.A. David, T. DebRoy, J.C. Lippold, H.B. Smartt, and J.M. Vitek, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2003, p 203–211
9.
J.H. Cho, D.E. Boyce, and P.R. Dawson, Modeling Strain Hardening and Texture Evolution in Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 398, p 146–163CrossRef
10.
H. Liu, H. Fulii, M. Maeda, and K. Nogi, Tensile Properties and Fracture Locations of Friction-Stir Welded Joints of 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2003, 22, p 1061–1063CrossRef
11.
W.B. Lee, C.Y. Lee, W.S. Chang, Y.M. Yeon, and S.B. Jung, Microstructural Investigation of Friction Stir Welded Pure Titanium, Mater. Lett., 2005, 59, p 3315–3318CrossRef
12.
W.M. Thomas and E.D. Nicholas, Friction Stir Welding for the Transportation Industries, Mater. Des., 1997, 18, p 269–273CrossRef
13.
J.Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, R. Mishra, and M. Mahoney, Microstructural Investigation of Friction Stir Welded 7050-T651 Aluminum, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, p 713–729CrossRef
14.
O. Frigaard, Ø. Grong, and O.T. Midling, A Process Model for Friction Stir Welding of Age Hardening Aluminum Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, 32, p 1189–1200CrossRef
15.
M.W. Mahoney, C.G. Rhodes, J.G. Flintoff, R.A. Spurling, and W.H. Bingel, Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded 7075 T651 Aluminum, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, 29, p 1955–1964CrossRef
16.
C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel, R.A. Spurling, and C.C. Bampton, Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure of 7075 Aluminum, Scr. Mater., 1997, 36, p 69–75CrossRef
17.
G. Liu, L.E. Murr, C.S. Niou, J.C. McClure, and F.R. Vega, Microstructural Aspects of the Friction-Stir-Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum, Scr. Mater., 1997, 37, p 355–361CrossRef
18.
K.V. Jata and S.L. Semiatin, Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Welding, Scr. Mater., 2000, 43, p 743–748CrossRef
19.
K. Masaki, Y.S. Sato, M. Maeda, and H. Kokawa, Experimental Simulation of Recrystallized Microstructure in Friction Stir Welded Al Alloy Using a Plane-Strain Compression Test, Scr. Mater., 2008, 58, p 355–360CrossRef
20.
W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.C. NeedHam, M.G. Murch, P. Templesmith, and C. J. Dawes, Friction Stir Welding, International Patent Application No. PCT/GB92102203 and Great Britain Patent Application No. 9125978.8, 1991
21.
R.S. Mishra and Z.Y. Ma, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep., 2005, 50, p 1–78CrossRef
22.
H.W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and J.T. Chen, The Finite Element Simulation of the Friction Stir Welding Process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 403, p 340–348CrossRef
23.
A.J. Ramirez and M.C. Juhas, Microstructural Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welds, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2003, 426–432, p 2999–3004CrossRef
24.
H.G. Salem, A.P. Reynolds, and J.S. Lyons, Microstructure and Retention of Superplasticity of Friction Stir Welded Superplastic 2095 Sheet, Scr. Mater., 2002, 46, p 337–342CrossRef
25.
H.J. Liu, Y.C. Chen, and J.C. Feng, Effect of Zigzag Line on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of an Al-Cu Alloy, Scr. Mater., 2006, 55, p 231–234CrossRef
26.
Z.Y. Ma, S.R. Sharma, and R.S. Mishra, Effect of Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure of Cast A356 Aluminum, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 433, p 269–278CrossRef
27.
M. Grujicic, T. He, G. Arakere, H.V. Yalavarthy, C.-F. Yen, and B.A. Cheeseman, Fully-Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Finite-Element Investigation of Material Evolution During Friction-Stir Welding of AA5083, J. Eng. Manuf., 2009, 224(4), p 609–622CrossRef
28.
M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, H.V. Yalavarthy, T. He, C.-F. Yen, and B.A. Cheeseman, Modeling of AA5083 Material-Microstructure Evolution During Butt Friction-Stir Welding, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2010, 14(5), p 672–684CrossRef
29.
M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, B. Pandurangan, A. Hariharan, C.-F. Yen, and B. A. Cheeseman, Development of a Robust and Cost-effective Friction Stir Welding Process for Use in Advanced Military Vehicles, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2010. doi:10.​1007/​s11665-010-9650-0
30.
M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, B. Pandurangan, A. Hariharan, C.-F. Yen, B.A. Cheeseman, and C. Fountzoulas, Computational Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welding Behavior, J. Eng. Manuf., April 2010, accepted
31.
A. Cho and B. Bes, Damage Tolerance Capability of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Al2139 Aluminum Alloys, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, 519–521, p 603–608CrossRef
32.
R.J. Chester and I.J. Polmear, “Precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloys,” The Metallurgy of Light Alloys, The Institution of Metallurgists, London, 1983, p 75–81
33.
R.J. Chester and I.J. Polmear, TEM Investigation of Precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag and Al-Cu-Mg Alloys, Micron, 1980, 11, p 311–312
34.
I.J. Polmear and R.J. Chester, Abnormal Age Hardening in an Al-Cu-Mg Alloy Containing Silver and Lithium, Scr. Metall., 1989, 23, p 1213–1218CrossRef
35.
B.M. Gable, G.J. Shiflet et al., The Effect of Si Additions on Omega Precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg-(Ag) Alloys, Scr. Mater., 2004, 50, p 149–153CrossRef
36.
S.C. Wang and M.J. Starink, Precipitates and Intermetallic Phases in Precipitation Hardening Al-Cu-Mg-(Li) Based Alloys, Int. Mater. Rev., 2005, 50, p 193–215CrossRef
37.
L. Del Castillo and E.J. Lavernia, Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Spray-Deposited Al-Cu-Mg(-Ag-Mn) Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2000, 31, p 2287–2298CrossRef
38.
K.M. Knowles and W.M. Stobbs, The Structure of (111) Age-Hardening Precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloys, Acta Crystallogr. B Struct. Sci., 1988, 44, p 207–227CrossRef
39.
A.M. Zahra and C.Y. Zahra, Effects of Minor Additions of Mg and Ag on Precipitation Phenomena in Al-4 Mass% Cu, Philos. Mag., 2004, 84, p 2521–2541CrossRef
40.
O. Beffort, C. Solenthaler et al., Improvement of Strength and Fracture-Toughness of a Spray-Deposited Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Mn-Ti-Zr Alloy by Optimized Heat-Treatments and Thermomechanical Treatments, Mater. Sci. Eng. A Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process., 1995, 191, p 113–120
41.
D. Vaughan, Grain Boundary Precipitation in an Al-Cu Alloy, Acta Metall., 1968, 16, p 563–577CrossRef
42.
W.M. Lee, Dynamic Microstructural Characterization of High Strength Aluminum Alloys, Master’s Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2008
43.
K. Hono, N. Sano et al., Atom Probe Study of the Precipitation Process in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloys, Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, 41, p 829–838CrossRef
44.
S.P. Ringer and K. Hono, Microstructural Evolution and Age Hardening in Aluminium Alloys: Atom Probe Field-Ion Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies, Mater. Charact., 2000, 44, p 101–131CrossRef
45.
A. Garg, Y.C. Chang et al., Precipitation of the Omega-Phase in an Al-4.0Cu-0.5Mg Alloy, Scr. Metall. Mater., 1990, 24, p 677–680CrossRef
46.
ABAQUS Version 6.8-1, User Documentation, Dassault Systems, 2008
47.
G.R. Johnson and W.H. Cook, “A Constitutive Model and Data for Metals Subjected to Large Strains, High Strain Rates and High Temperatures,” Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, 1983
48.
L.E. Svensson, L. Karlsson, H. Larsson et al., Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloys with Special Reference to AA 5083 and AA 6082, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2000, 5, p 285–296CrossRef
49.
R.E. Reed-Hill, Physical Metallurgy Principles, PWS Publishing Company, MA, 1994
50.
Y.S. Sato, M. Urata, H. Kokawa, and K. Ikeda, Hall-Petch Relationship in Friction Stir Welds of Equal Channel Angular-Pressed Aluminium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, A354, p 298–305
51.
I. Charit and R.S. Mishra, Evaluation of Microstructure and Superplasticity in Friction Stir Processed 5083 Al Alloy, J. Mater. Res., 2004, 19, p 3329–3342CrossRef
52.
M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, B. Pandurangan, A. Hariharan, C.-F. Yen, B.A. Cheeseman and C. Fountzoulas, Statistical Analysis of High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA5083-H321, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2010. doi:10.​1007/​s11665-010-9725-y
53.
K. Kannan, J.S. Vetrano, and C.H. Hamilton, Effects of Alloy Modification and Thermomechanical Processing on Recrystallization of Al-Mg-Mn Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans., 1996, 27A, p 2947–2957CrossRef
54.
M. Peel, A. Steuwer, M. Preuss, and P.J. Withers, Microstructure, Mechanical properties and Residual Stresses as a Function of Welding Speed in Aluminium AA5083 Friction Stir Welds, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, p 4791–4801CrossRef
55.
Y.S. Sato, S. Hwan, C. Park, and H. Kokawa, Microstructural Factors Governing Hardness in Friction-Stir Welds of Solid-Solution-Hardened Al Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, 32A, p 3033–3042CrossRef
56.
D. Allehaux and F. Marie, Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of the 2139 Aluminum-Copper-Alloy Welded by the Friction Stir Welding Using the Bobbin Tool Technique, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, 519–521, p 1131–1138CrossRef
57.
L. Fratini, G. Buffa, and D. Palmeri, Using a Neural Network for Predicting the Average Grain-Size in Friction Stir Welding Processes, Comput. Struct., 2009, 87, p 1166–1174CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Computational Investigation of Hardness Evolution During Friction-Stir Welding of AA5083 and AA2139 Aluminum Alloys
verfasst von
M. Grujicic
G. Arakere
C.-F. Yen
B. A. Cheeseman
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2011
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Ausgabe 7/2011
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Elektronische ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9741-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2011

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 7/2011 Zur Ausgabe

OriginalPaper

Study of the Temperature Variations of Al and Ti in Mechanical Alloying

OriginalPaper

Evaluation of the Low Heat Input Process for Weld Repair of Nickel-Base Superalloys

OriginalPaper

Preparation and Performance of Ordered Porous TiO2 Film Doped with Gd3+

OriginalPaper

The Fatigue Behavior of Built-Up Welded Beams of Commercially Pure Titanium

OriginalPaper

An Experimental Study of Heat Transfer During Forced Air Convection

OriginalPaper

Microstructure Evolution of Semi-Solid 7075 Aluminum Alloy During Reheating Process

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise