Computational Problems in Science and Engineering

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Generalized Fuzzy Measurability

Abstract

In this paper we introduce two concepts of generalized measurability for set-valued functions, namely \(\varphi\)-μ-total-measurability and \(\varphi\)-μ-measurability relative to a non-negative function \(\varphi: \mathcal{P}_{0}(X) \times \mathcal{P}_{0}(X) \rightarrow [0,+\infty )\) and a non-negative set function \(\mu: \mathcal{A}\rightarrow [0,+\infty )\) and present some relationships between them. We also define different types of convergences for sequences of set-valued functions and prove some relationships among them and a theorem of Egorov type. Finally, we introduce two semi-metrics on a space of set-valued functions and then compare them.

Anca Croitoru, Nikos Mastorakis

Chapter 2. Short Term Load Forecasting in Electric Power Systems with Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract

The demand in electric power should be predicted with the highest possible accuracy as it affects decisively many of power system’s operations. Conventional methods for load forecasting were built on several assumptions, while they had to cope with relations between the data used that could not be described analytically. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) gave answers to many of the above problems and they became the predominant load forecasting technique. In this chapter the reader is first introduced to Artificial Neural Networks and their usage in forecasting the load demand of electric power systems. Several of the major training techniques are described with their pros and cons being discussed. Finally, feed- forward ANNs are used for the short-term forecasting of the Greek Power System load demand. Various ANNs with different inputs, outputs, numbers of hidden neurons etc. are examined, techniques for their optimization are proposed and the obtained results are discussed.

G. J. Tsekouras, F. D. Kanellos, N. Mastorakis

Chapter 3. Analysis of Non-linear Vibrations of a Fractionally Damped Cylindrical Shell Under the Conditions of Combinational Internal Resonance

Abstract

Non-linear damped vibrations of a cylindrical shell subjected to the different conditions of the combinational internal resonance are investigated. Its viscous properties are described by Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. The displacement functions are determined in terms of eigenfunctions of linear vibrations. The procedure resulting in decoupling linear parts of equations is proposed with the further utilization of the method of multiple time scales for solving nonlinear governing equations of motion, in so doing the amplitude functions are expanded into power series in terms of the small parameter and depend on different time scales. It is shown that the phenomenon of internal resonance can be very critical, since in a circular cylindrical shell the internal additive and difference combinational resonances are always present. The influence of viscosity on the energy exchange mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that each mode is characterized by its damping coefficient connected with the natural frequency by the exponential relationship with a negative fractional exponent.

Yury Rossikhin, Marina Shitikova

Chapter 4. Schwartz-Christoffel Panel Method Improvements and Applications

Abstract

Schwartz-Christoffel panel method is improved and applied to general and unique airfoils. A potential flow around a two-dimensional circular cylinder can be transformed to that of a two-dimensional airfoil by the Schwartz-Christoffel conformal mapping. Multiple straight panels approximate a two-dimensional airfoil. This method is particularly effective for very thin airfoils. The conventional panel method would suffer for these extremely thin airfoil problems. First, the method is improved and tested against a circular cylinder and the analytical Joukowski airfoil. Several real airfoils are studied together with the unique polygonal airfoil sections for the propeller of Mars exploration and the dragonfly airfoil. It is shown that the method gives satisfactory results for all cases.

Etsuo Morishita

Chapter 5. Mining Latent Attributes in Neighborhood for Recommender Systems

Abstract

Neighborhood-based collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms have been extensively studied and discussed. In the traditional way of these methods, user-based CF predicts a target user’s preference for an item based on the integrated preference of the user’s neighbors for the item, and item-based CF is based on the integrated preference of the user’s preference for the item’s neighbors. Both the two ways underestimate the effect of structure of the target user or item’s neighbors. That is, for instance, these neighbors may form two distinct groups: some neighbors like the target item or give high ratings; on the other hand, some neighbors dislike the target item or give low ratings. The difference between the two groups may influence user’s choice. As an extension of neighborhood-based collaborative filtering, this paper focuses on the analysis of such structure by mining latent attributes of users or items’ neighborhood, and corresponding correlations with users’ preference by several popular data mining techniques. Mining latent attributes and experiment evaluation were conducted on MovieLens dataset. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can improve the performance of pure user-based and item-based collaborative filtering algorithm.

Na Chang, Takao Terano

Chapter 6. An Assessment of the Effect of Varying Popov’s Parameter on the Region of Robust Absolute Stability of Nonlinear Impulsive Control Systems with Parametric Uncertainty

Abstract

This paper focuses on finding and the assessment of the variation of the region of robust absolute stability of an impulse control system, with monotonous nonlinearities, as Popov’s parameter varies. A mathematical model of a nonlinear impulsive control system (NICS) is considered. The criterion for absolute stability on the equilibrium position for NICS, with monotonous nonlinearities, can be expressed as a polynomial expression. The robust stability of NICS is tested using Kharitonov’s theorem and a modified root locus method for interval transfer functions. A graphical illustration of roots of the characteristic equation, which have been gotten from the interval transfer function, on the complex plane is used in the assessment of the stability of control system. To evaluate the effect of Popov’s parameter, a specially written program complex Stability is used. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effect of varying Popov’s parameter on the region of absolute robust stability.

Tseligorov Nikolai, Tseligorova Elena, Mafura Gabriel

Chapter 7. Analytical Modeling of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Periodontal Ligament with Using Rabotnov’s Fractional Exponential Function

Abstract

The mathematical modeling of a stress-strain state of the viscoelastic periodontal membrane is carried out. Internal and external surfaces of the periodontal ligament are described by a symmetrical two-sheeted hyperboloid. Tooth root is assumed to be a rigid body. Displacements of points on the internal surface of the periodontal ligament coincide with the displacements of the corresponding points of the external surface of the tooth root. The relationships between the displacements and strains for periodontal ligaments are formulated as an assumption that the periodontal tissue approaches to incompressible materials. Viscoelastic constitutive law with a fractional exponential kernel for periodontal ligament was used. The equations of motion for the periodontal ligament relative to translational displacements and rotation angles of its points are derived. In the particular case the vertical translational motion of the tooth root, as well as corresponding displacements are analyzed. Constants of the fractional viscoelastic function were assessed on the basis of the experimental data about the behavior of the periodontal ligament. The obtained results can be used to determine a load for orthodontic tooth movement corresponding to the optimal stresses, as well as to simulate bone remodeling on the basis of changes of stresses and strains in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic movement.

Sergei Bosiakov, Sergei Rogosin

Chapter 8. Simulation of Stiff Hybrid Systems with One-Sided Events and Nonsmooth Boundaries

Abstract

Different classes of modal behavior of hybrid systems (HS) are considered. Architecture of instrumental environment is designed in accordance with CSSL standard. Library of original numerical solvers, embedded in simulation environment, is presented. Theorem about the choice of the integration step considering the HS event function dynamic has been formulated and proved. Algorithm of accurate HS event detection with implicit continuous behavior models is designed. Examples of specification and analysis of different hybrid systems models is given.

Yury V. Shornikov, Maria S. Nasyrova, Dmitry N. Dostovalov

Chapter 9. New Methods of Complex Systems Inspection: Comparison of the ADC Device in Different Operating Modes

Abstract

The authors suggest a general concept for quantitative inspection of complex systems (when the “best fit” model is absent) data in one unified scheme with the help of the sequence of ranged amplitudes (SRA). Moreover, the “up” and “down” branches of SRA distribution can replace a conventional histogram (having uncontrollable errors) and can be expressed in terms of the fitting parameters that are associated with a combination of power-law functions. As an example of a complex system we considered an analog-to-digital convertor having 16 channels. For four compared different operating modes of this device the calculated SRAs have different behavior and the significant quantitative parameters found enable to differentiate all these regimes from each other. We hope that this new approach will find a proper place in analysis of different complex systems and in different engineering applications, where the urgent necessity in quantitative comparison of complex systems without model exists.

Raoul R. Nigmatullin, Yury K. Evdokimov, Evgeny S. Denisov, Wei Zhang

Chapter 10. Maximum Principle for Delayed Stochastic Switching System with Constraints

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the stochastic optimal control problem of switching systems with constraints. Dynamic of the system is described by the collection of delayed stochastic differential equations which initial conditions depend on its previous state. The restriction on the system is defined by the functional constraints on the end of each interval. Maximum principle for stochastic control problems of delayed switching system is established. Afterwards, using Ekeland’s Variational Principle the necessary condition of optimality for optimal control problem with constraints is obtained.

Charkaz Aghayeva

Chapter 11. Computer Simulation of Emission and Absorption Spectra for LH2 Ring

Abstract

Computer simulation of absorption and steady state fluorescence spectra for molecular system is presented. We focus on the B850 ring from peripheral cyclic antenna unit LH2 of the bacterial photosystem from purple bacteria. Uncorrelated static disorder in radial positions of molecules on the ring is taking into account in our simulations. We consider also influence of dynamic disorder, interaction with phonon bath, in Markovian approximation. Spectral responses are calculated by the cumulant-expansion method of Mukamel et al. Procedure in Fortran was created for calculation of single ring spectra within full Hamiltonian model. These new results are compared with our previous ones (within the nearest neighbour approximation model) that were obtained by software package Mathematica.

Pavel Heřman, David Zapletal

Chapter 12. On the Throughput of the Scheduler for Virtualization of Links

Abstract

We deal with the scheduler for virtualization of links. The scheduler switches the service of the physical link between virtual links in constant time intervals, thus providing the isolation of the performance between virtual links. Most important characteristics of this scheduler are the throughput and delay of created virtual links. In this paper we demonstrate how the throughput of a virtual link can be controlled either by the virtual link buffer or the virtual link work phase.

Andrzej Chydzinski

Chapter 13. A Simulation Study on Generalized Pareto Mixture Model

Abstract

The Generalized Pareto Distribution is commonly used for extreme value problems. Especially, the values which exceed the finite threshold, is the focus in extreme value problems like in insurance sector. The Generalized Pareto Distribution is well approach for modeling the samples which include these extreme values. In the real life, samples are heterogeneous. In such cases, the mixture models are better way for modeling the data. In this study, we generate random samples from the Generalized Pareto Mixture Distribution for modeling of heterogeneous data. For this purpose, we use two different Generalized Pareto Distribution as components of the Generalized Pareto Mixture Distribution. For generating random samples, The Inverse Transformation Method is used in the simulation study. The parameters of the mixture models are shape, scale and location are fixed. After generating random samples, Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test is used for checking whether the generated samples are distributed based on the Generalized Pareto Distribution. R-Statistical Programming Language is used in simulation study.

Mustafa Cavus, Ahmet Sezer, Berna Yazici

Chapter 14. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Statistical Causality and Local Solutions of the Stochastic Differential Equations Driven with Semimartingales

Abstract

The paper considers a statistical concept of causality in continuous time between filtered probability spaces which is based on Granger’s definition of causality. Then, the given causality concept is connected with a local weak solutions of the stochastic differential equations driven with semimartingales. Also, we establish connection between the local solution and the local weak solution.

Ljiljana Petrović, Dragana Valjarević

Chapter 15. A Mathematical Model to Optimize Transport Cost and Inventory Level in a Single Level Logistic Network

Abstract

This paper proposes a mathematical model that minimizes transportation costs and optimizes distribution organization in a single level logistic network. The objective is to allocate customers to distribution centers and vehicles to travels in order to cut down the traveled distances, while observing the storage capacities of vehicles and distribution centers and covering the customers’ needs. We propose a mixed integer programming formula that can be solved using Lingo 14.0. A digital example will be given in the end to illustrate the practicability of the model.

Laila Kechmane, Benayad Nsiri, Azeddine Baalal

Chapter 16. Cost Optimization and High Available Heterogeneous Series-Parallel Redundant System Design Using Genetic Algorithms

Abstract

Heterogeneous redundant series-parallel systems allow the mixing of components within the same subsystem. This diversity feature may improve the overall characteristics of the system compared with the homogeneous case in term of less susceptibility against so called common-cause failures and reduced cost. That means they guarantee longer availability and are quite suitable for systems that are designed to perform continuous processes. But the main challenging task is to determine the optimal design that corresponds to the minimal investment costs and satisfies the predefined constraints. This kind of combinatorial optimization tasks is perfectly solved using heuristic methods, since those approaches showed stability, powerfulness, and computing effectiveness in solving such matters. This task is more complex than the homogeneous case since the search space is getting larger due to the fact that every component available and that can be deployed in a subsystem has to be taken into account. This fact leads definitely to greater chromosome length and makes the search more time consuming. The algorithm has been implemented in Matlab and three different existing models (Levitin, Lisnianski, and Ouzineb) have been considered for a comparison with the homogeneous case and for validation purposes.

Walid Chaaban, Michael Schwarz, Josef Börcsök

Chapter 17. Random Hypernets in Reliability Analysis of Multilayer Networks

Abstract

The general approach to constructing structural models of non-stable multi-level networks is proposed. This approach is based on hypernets—relatively new mathematical object, which is successively used for modeling different multi-level networks in the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Russia, for last 30 years. Hypernets allow standard description of neighboring levels interconnection in a mathematically correct way. Using this mathematical object allows easy modifications of data with model changing and/or development and efficiently organize data search for different computational or optimization algorithms. Optimization of mapping of secondary (logical) network onto structure of unreliable primary (physical) network is considered as example.

Alexey Rodionov, Olga Rodionova

Chapter 18. Profiling Power Analysis Attack Based on Multi-layer Perceptron Network

Abstract

In 2013, an innovative method of power analysis was presented in Martinasek and Zeman (Radioengineering 22(2), IF 0.687, 2013) and Martinasek et al. (Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, New York, 2014). Realized experiments proved that the proposed method based on Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) can provide almost 100 % success rate. This description based on the first-order success rate is not appropriate enough. Moreover, the above mentioned works contain other lacks: the MLP has not been compared with other well-known attacks, an adversary uses too many points of power trace and a general description of the MLP method was not provided. In this paper, we eliminate these weaknesses by introducing the first fair comparison of power analysis attacks based on the MLP and templates. The comparison is accomplished by using the identical data sets, number of interesting points and guessing entropy as a metric. The first data set created contains the power traces of an unprotected AES implementation in order to classify the secret key stored. The second and third data sets were created independently from public available power traces corresponding to a masked AES implementation (DPA Contest v4). Secret offset is revealed depending on the number of interesting points and power traces in this experiment. Moreover, we create a general description of the MLP attack.

Zdenek Martinasek, Lukas Malina, Krisztina Trasy

Chapter 19. A Particular Case of Evans-Hudson Diffusion

Abstract

We know that the Markov processes are the solutions of certain stochastic equations. In this article we will construct a noncommutative Markov process by noncommutative stochastic calculus. We will also show that these are particular cases of Evans-Hudson diffusions. At the end we will present two examples starting from the classical theory of probabilities (the Brownian motion and the Poisson process) which lead to particular cases of the noncommutative Markov processes.

Cristina Serbănescu

Chapter 20. Basic Study on Contribution to Dynamic Stability by Large Photovoltaic Power Generation

Abstract

Large photovoltaic power generation facilities are installing in the world. These large power generation are required to contribute actively to ac power system operation. This paper presents basic study results for dynamic stability improvement by large photovoltaic power generation.

Junichi Arai, Shingo Uchiyama

Chapter 21. Exploring the Design Space of Signed-Binary Adder Cells

Abstract

Arithmetic based on signed-binary number representation is an alternative to carry-save arithmetic. Both offer adders with word-length independent latencies. Comparing both approaches requires optimized adder cells. Small and fast full adder designs have been introduced. A thorough investigation of signed-binary adder cells is still missing. We show that for an example signed-binary encoding scheme the design space consists of 2³⁸ different truth tables. Each represents a bit-level signed-binary adder cell. We proposed a new method to enumerate and analyze such a huge design space to gain small area, low power, or low latency signed-binary adder cells and show the limitations of our approach.

David Neuhäuser

Chapter 22. Green Element Solutions of the Source Identification and Concentration in Groundwater Transport Problems

Abstract

The inverse problem of source identification in groundwater contaminant transport poses challenges of non-uniqueness and instability of the numerical solutions. In this work, a methodology based on the Green element method (GEM), is presented for simultaneous recovery of the release history of pollution sources and concentration plume from available concentration measurements. The ill-conditioned, overdetermined system of equations that arises from the Green element discretization is solved by the least square method with Tikhonov regularization and aided by the singular value decomposition technique. The performance of the methodology is illustrated using two cases. The influence of the number of pollutant sources and their magnitudes are also examined. It is found that GEM is capable of correctly predicting the source strengths of pollutants instantaneously introduced into the aquifer and as well the concentration plume arising therefrom.

Ednah Onyari, Akpofure Taigbenu

Chapter 23. First Time Electronic Structure Calculation of Poly[μ2-L-Alanine-μ3-Sodium Nitrate (I)] Crystals with Non-linear Optical Properties

Abstract

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and should Poly[μ ₂-L-alanine-μ ₃-nitrato-sodium(I)], p-LASN, crystals were grown by the slow evaporation at room temperature technique. The nominal size of the crystals obtained by the method was of 500 nm. Single Crystal Diffraction was carried out in order to determine atomic structure and refine its lattice parameter. The electronic structure was obtained by using the Becke-Lee-Yang-Part and Hartree-Fock approximations with hybrid exchange-correlation three-parameter functional and G-311**G(dp) basis set. After calculations the band gap obtained directly from the density of states was 2.72 eV. The total polarizability obtained was 70.7390, the value for the total hyperpolarizability is 56.0243 and the dipolar moment was 10.6364.

A. Duarte-Moller, E. Gallegos-Loya, E. Orrantia Borunda

Chapter 24. Aspects of Designing the Tracking Systems for Photovoltaic Panels with Low Concentration of Solar Radiation

Abstract

The paper aims make contributions to the optimization of the photovoltaic conversion process by concentrating solar radiation and orientation of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic concentrating system aims to reduce expenses regarding photovoltaic surface and replace it with optical materials. Geometric design issues are presented for these systems adapted to the conditions of a certain geographical location.

Ionel Laurentiu Alboteanu, Florin Ravigan, Sonia Degeratu, Constantin Şulea

Chapter 25. Systolic Approach for QR Decomposition

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the parallelization of the QR decomposition of matrices based on Given’s rotation using the iterative algorithm. For this purpose we have used the systolic approach. The mathematical background of the problem is followed by the parallelization which continues step by step as it is shown at Figs. 25.5 and 25.6. The output values of Fig. 25.5 become the input for Fig. 25.6 and vice versa, the output values of Fig. 25.6 become the input for Fig. 25.5. This kind of iteration is repeated until achieving the convergence.

Halil Snopce, Azir Aliu

Chapter 26. A Geometric Approach for the Model Parameter Estimation in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Abstract

Control of permanent magnetic motors is not an easy task because of the presence of unknown parameters. Techniques are needed in order to achieve a suitable controlled dynamics identification. The proposed strategy uses the geometric approach to realised a decoupling of the system. The estimation of the parameters of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is simplified through a decoupling. The decoupling is realised using a feedback controller combined with a feedforward one. The feedforward controller is conceived through an input partition matrix. This technique can be applied to a large variety of motors or to any system for which the decoupling conditions are satisfied. Simulation and measured results are reported to validate the proposed strategy.

Paolo Mercorelli

Chapter 27. Application of the Monte Carlo Method for the Determination of Physical Parameters of an Electrical Discharge

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to use of the Monte Carlo method to try to reproduce an electrical discharge in the oxygen gas; by following the random histories of free electrons and using the sampling laws, we can determine some electrical discharge parameters. Additionally we use the simulation results to verify the electrical breakdown criteria under an homogenous field and for small distances. The obtained results are compared with those collected from literature.

Leyla Zeghichi, Leïla Mokhnache, Mebarek Djebabra

Chapter 28. Intersection Management Based on V2I Velocity Synchronization

Abstract

In this last decade, new approaches for managing intersections have emerged. Instead of relying on the traffic lights, vehicles negotiate together the better way for sharing the junction. They explore the opportunities of new advances in terms of cooperative driving and unmanned vehicles. Vehicles are than able not only to communicate with the surrounding environment but also to control their speed. Many protocols are proposed for sharing the conflicting space, such as time reservation, priorities between vehicles and sequences. In this paper we consider the speed synchronization through V2I. Vehicles adapt their speed according to their position. This paper firstly reviews some proposed protocols so as to introduce the synchronization of vehicles’ velocity. The synchronization is based on the Sequence-Based Protocol (SBP). So the discussion mainly focus on it. Before proposing the approach, some practical and theoretical problems are highlighted for clarity. Finally, we perform and discuss the simulation of vehicles in to a junction loop. The simulation shows a high level of stability even with several vehicles.

Xuguang Hao, Abdeljalil Abbas-Turki, Florent Perronnet, Rachid Bouyekhf, Abdellah El Moudni

Chapter 29. Innovation for Failure Detection and Correction in Safety-Related Systems Which Based on a New Estimator

Abstract

This scientific work presents a new method allowing to make a realistic prediction about reliability of safety related systems. The main feature of this method enables the prediction of an estimate of the remaining critical number of faults in systems. Stochastic play a very important role in safety technology. With the help of it, safety systems may be released reliably after an assessment. With the help of the probability theory meaningful statements are achieved and based on them, realistic forecasts may be given. However, in order that reliable forecasts can be conducted, new approaches in thinking need to be developed. The algorithm can provide an even more reliable prognosis than the conventional methods. Furthermore, the new method describes two processes for critical failures (detection and correction process). This contribution serves to give a short synopsis about the actual problem of the probabilistic safety technology on the base of stochastic. In that, the test methods, however, plays the most important role as the test results are source vectors for probabilistic models. However, this article tries to describe a suitable, innovative method that will correctly estimate the safety parameters.

Ossmane Krini, Jamal Krini, Abderrahim Krini, Josef Börcsök

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