5. Conclusions—Evidence, Other Types of Knowledge and Problem taming

How and why does the use of evidence in different government ministries affect policy success and failure? The concluding chapter summarises lessons from the three preceding empirical chapters to address the main research question of the book. The chapter argues that each type of evidence in policy relates to scientific, political, practical and symbolic knowledge and thereby elaborates the typology of evidence utilisation in government ministries presented in Chap. 1. On this basis, the chapter considers the prospects and challenges of government ministries to use evidence for taming policy problems in light of the prospects of using artificial intelligence. Understanding the interaction with other types of knowledge and the consequences of high-speed information allows a nuanced discussion of the gains and challenges associated with using evidence in public policy in the future.