Concrete Self-healing: Paving the Way for Sustainable Infrastructure

Concrete, a fundamental construction material, is known for its durability and strength. However, over time, it is prone to developing cracks due to environmental stress, traffic loads, and material defects. This susceptibility to damage has driven the development of advanced self-healing technologies to enhance concrete’s longevity and performance. This study focuses on the application of sodium alginate in creating self-healing concrete (SHCr), using CEM II/A-LL 42.5R cement to produce C20/25-grade concrete. Sodium alginate, a natural polymer derived from seaweed, is encapsulated in micron-sized capsules and integrated into the concrete matrix. Upon crack formation, these capsules release the healing agent, which forms a gel with calcium ions present in the concrete, sealing the cracks and restoring structural integrity. The use of SHCr offers significant benefits, including enhanced durability, cost efficiency, and, most importantly, environmental sustainability. By reducing the need for frequent repairs, SHCr contributes to lower carbon emissions and promotes the use of renewable resources, fostering a sense of responsibility and commitment to sustainable practices. Case studies, such as the Kieldrecht Lock in Belgium and various infrastructure projects, demonstrate the practical applications and effectiveness of this innovative technology. The research also highlights the environmental implications, including reduced carbon footprint and sustainable resource utilisation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of SHCr to revolutionise the construction industry, addressing the challenges of concrete degradation and promoting sustainable construction practices.