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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

7. Conserve in the City

verfasst von : Sandra Postel

Erschienen in: Replenish

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

Back in 2007, United Water decided to build a desalination plant to increase water supplies for customers in one of its service areas. The company, a US subsidiary of the multinational Suez Environment, predicted shortfalls as early as 2015 and proposed the desalting facility to fill the gap. On the face of it, there was nothing particularly unusual about the idea. Turning saltwater into drinking water has become big business in many parts of the world, from California to Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. Today, more than 18,400 desalting plants dot the world’s coastlines.

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International Desalination Association, “Desalination by the Numbers,” at idadesal.org, viewed November 19, 2016.

Rockland Water Coalition, website at sustainablerockland.org; Hellauer, “Sustainability Saturday: How the Rockland Desalination War Was Won.”

Laurie Seeman, member of Rockland Water Coalition and founding director of Strawtown Studios, author interview (phone), November 21, 2016.

Berger, “Desalination Plan Draws Ire in Rockland County”; New York City, Department of Environmental Protection, Water Demand Management Plan.

Berger, “Desalination Plan Draws Ire in Rockland County.”

Amy Vickers, president, Amy Vickers & Associates, Inc., author interview, Amherst, MA, June 23, 2016; 7 billion gallons from Vickers and Bracciano, “Low-Volume Plumbing Fixtures Achieve Water Savings.”

DeOreo et al., Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2.

Amy Vickers & Associates, Inc., Water Losses and Customer Water Use in the United Water New York System.

Ibid., cartoon appears in Our Town, “Leaks Are Us: United Water’s Fuzzy Data.”

Rockland County, Office of the Legislature, “Independent Report: Millions of Gallons of Water Available to Rockland County—Rockland Task Force Files Major Water Study with State,” press release, New City, New York, July 28, 2015.

State of New York, Public Service Commission, Case 16-W-0130, Statement of Harriet Cornell, 13–29.

Rockland County, Office of the County Executive, press release, New City, NY, June 27, 2016.

Rockland Water Coalition, “As PSC Decision Looms on Rockland Water Rate Hikes and a Flawed Conservation Plan, Residents Question Whether a Private Corporation Should Manage Public Water.”

Two percent from American Association for the Advancement of Science, Atlas of Population & Environment, at atlas.aaas.org, viewed November 21, 2016; McDonald et al., “Water on an Urban Planet: Urbanization and the Reach of Urban Water Infrastructure.”

Plumbing code amendment from Vickers, “Water-Use Efficiency Standards for Plumbing Fixtures: Benefits of National Legislation”; data for drop in water use from Stephen Estes-Smargiassi, director of planning, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Boston, Massachusetts, email communication with author, October 18, 2010; average annual demand shows little change since 2010, as evidenced by data at the water authority’s website, mwra.state.ma.us, viewed November 21, 2016.

Garrick and Hall, “Water Security and Society: Risks, Metrics, and Pathways.”

PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, website at www.pub.gov.sg, viewed November 21–22, 2016.

Tang, “From Open Sewage to High-Tech Hydrohub, Singapore Leads Water Revolution.”

Co-siting from Carolyn Khew, “Fifth Singapore Desalination Plant in the Pipeline.”

Schneider, “In Water-Scarce Regions Desalination Plants Are Risky Investments.”

Turner et al., “Managing Drought: Learning from Australia.”

Ibid.

“Chicago Green: Roofs” at wendycitychicago.com.

US Executive Office of the President, “Commitments to Action on Building a Sustainable Water Future”; Richard G. Luthy, presentation for webinar “Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies: An Assessment of Risks, Costs and Benefits,” hosted by WateReuse, March 10, 2016.

WaterWorld, “Kansas City Water’s Green Infrastructure Projects Win Sustainability Award”; KC Water Services, “Kansas City’s Overflow Control Program: Middle Blue River Basin Green Solutions Pilot Project Final Report.”

Glen Abrams, director of Sustainable Communities, Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, presentation for webinar “Training a Green Infrastructure Workforce,” hosted by Urban Waters Learning Network, with River Network and Groundwork USA, December 8, 2015. For a comprehensive portfolio of rainwater-harvesting structures and techniques, see Lancaster, Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond.

Cathcart-Keays, “Why Copenhagen Is Building Parks That Can Turn into Ponds.”

Steinbock, “High Time to Reduce Costs of Floods”; growth in cities from Shepard, “Can ‘Sponge Cities’ Solve China’s Urban Flooding Problem?”

Shepard, “Can ‘Sponge Cities’ Solve China’s Urban Flooding Problem?”; funding from Leach, “Soak It Up: China’s Ambitious Plan to Solve Urban Flooding with ‘Sponge Cities.’”

Government target from Leach, “Soak It Up.”

Katherine Yuhas, manager, Water Resources Division, Albuquerque–Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, author interviews and field excursion, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 17, 2016.

Kernodle et al., Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Albuquerque Basin, Central New Mexico, 1901–1994, with Projections to 2020; Albuquerque–Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, website at abcwua.org, viewed November–December 2016.

Southern Nevada Water Authority, website at snwa.com, viewed December 2, 2016.

Titel: Conserve in the City
verfasst von: Sandra Postel
Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch: Replenish
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-924-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-791-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-791-9_7