Skip to main content

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Control of HVDC Transmission Systems: From Theory to Practice and Back

verfasst von : Daniele Zonetti, Romeo Ortega

Erschienen in: Mathematical Control Theory I

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The problem of modeling and control of multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current transmission systems is addressed in this chapter, which contains three main contributions. First, to propose a unified, physically motivated, modeling framework—based on port-Hamiltonian systems representations—of the various network topologies used in this application. Second, to prove that the system can be globally asymptotically stabilized with a decentralized PI control that exploits its passivity properties. Close connections between the proposed PI and the popular Akagi’s PQ instantaneous power method are also established. Third, to reveal the transient performance limitations of the proposed controller that, interestingly, is shown to be intrinsic to PI passivity-based control. The performances of the controller are verified via simulations on a three-terminal benchmark example.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
A directed graph is an ordered 3-tuple, \(\mathcal {G}=\{\mathcal {\mathcal V,\mathcal E},\varPi \}\), consisting of a finite set of nodes \(\mathcal {V}\), a finite set of directed edges \(\mathcal {E}\) and a mapping \(\varPi \) from \(\mathcal {E}\) to the set of ordered pairs of \(\mathcal {V}\), where no self-loops are allowed.
 
2
Synchronized operation of the VSRs is usually achieved via robust phase-locked-loop detection of the latching frequencies [35].
 
3
Unless indicated otherwise all physical parameters of the system are positive constants.
 
4
For ease of presentation we restrict the discussion here to a single VSR. The extension to multiple VSRs being straightforward.
 
5
This well-known phenomenon of nonlinear systems [16] is akin to cancellation of unstable zeros of the plant with the unstable poles of the controller in linear systems.
 
6
This discussion pertains only to the behavior of the adopted mathematical model of the VSR. In practice, other dynamical phenomena and unmodeled effects may trigger instability even for the PI–PBC.
 
7
With some abuse of notation, the zero dynamics is represented using the same symbols of the system dynamics.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat A.M. Abbas, P.W. Lehn, PWM based VSC-HVDC systems—a review, in Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES ’09. IEEE, pp. 1–9, July 2009 A.M. Abbas, P.W. Lehn, PWM based VSC-HVDC systems—a review, in Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES ’09. IEEE, pp. 1–9, July 2009
2.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Akagi, Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning (Wiley, Newark, 2007)CrossRef H. Akagi, Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning (Wiley, Newark, 2007)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Andreasson, M. Nazari, D.V. Dimarogonas, H. Sandberg, K.H. Johansson, M. Ghandhari, in Distributed Voltage and Current Control of Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems. ArXiv e-prints, Nov. 2013 M. Andreasson, M. Nazari, D.V. Dimarogonas, H. Sandberg, K.H. Johansson, M. Ghandhari, in Distributed Voltage and Current Control of Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems. ArXiv e-prints, Nov. 2013
4.
Zurück zum Zitat M.K. Bucher, R. Wiget, G. Andersson, C.M. Franck, Multiterminal HVDC Networks—what is the preferred topology? Power Delivery, IEEE Trans. 29(1), 406–413 (2014)CrossRef M.K. Bucher, R. Wiget, G. Andersson, C.M. Franck, Multiterminal HVDC Networks—what is the preferred topology? Power Delivery, IEEE Trans. 29(1), 406–413 (2014)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, J.T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R.C.P. Guisado, M.A.M. Prats, J.I. Leon, N. Moreno-Alfonso, Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey. Ind. Electron., IEEE Trans. 53(4), 1002–1016 (2006) J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, J.T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R.C.P. Guisado, M.A.M. Prats, J.I. Leon, N. Moreno-Alfonso, Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey. Ind. Electron., IEEE Trans. 53(4), 1002–1016 (2006)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Chatzivasileiadis, D. Ernst, G. Andersson, The global grid. CoRR abs/1207.4096 (2012) S. Chatzivasileiadis, D. Ernst, G. Andersson, The global grid. CoRR abs/1207.4096 (2012)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Chen, Z. Xu, F. Zhang, Nonlinear control for VSC based HVDC system. in Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, p. 5, 2006 H. Chen, Z. Xu, F. Zhang, Nonlinear control for VSC based HVDC system. in Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, p. 5, 2006
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Chen, J. Dai, G. Damm, F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, Nonlinear control design for a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system. in Control Conference (ECC), 2013 European, pp. 3536–3541, July 2013 Y. Chen, J. Dai, G. Damm, F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, Nonlinear control design for a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system. in Control Conference (ECC), 2013 European, pp. 3536–3541, July 2013
9.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Escobar, A.J. Van Der Schaft, R. Ortega, A Hamiltonian viewpoint in the modeling of switching power converters. Automatica 35(3), 445–452 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH G. Escobar, A.J. Van Der Schaft, R. Ortega, A Hamiltonian viewpoint in the modeling of switching power converters. Automatica 35(3), 445–452 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
10.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Fiaz, D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, J.M.A. Scherpen, A.J. van der Schaft, A port-Hamiltonian approach to power network modeling and analysis. Europ. J. Control 19(6), 477–485 (2013) S. Fiaz, D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, J.M.A. Scherpen, A.J. van der Schaft, A port-Hamiltonian approach to power network modeling and analysis. Europ. J. Control 19(6), 477–485 (2013)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat N. Flourentzou, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades, VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems: an overview. Power Electron., IEEE Trans. 24(3), 592–602 (2009)CrossRef N. Flourentzou, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades, VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems: an overview. Power Electron., IEEE Trans. 24(3), 592–602 (2009)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat B.A. Francis, G. Zames, On \({H}^{\infty }\)-optimal sensitivity theory for siso feedback systems. Autom. Control, IEEE Trans. 29(1), 9–16 (1984)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH B.A. Francis, G. Zames, On \({H}^{\infty }\)-optimal sensitivity theory for siso feedback systems. Autom. Control, IEEE Trans. 29(1), 9–16 (1984)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
13.
Zurück zum Zitat O. Gomis-Bellmunt, J. Liang, J. Ekanayake, R. King, N. Jenkins, Topologies of multiterminal HVDC-VSC transmission for large offshore wind farms. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 81(2), 271–281 (2011)CrossRef O. Gomis-Bellmunt, J. Liang, J. Ekanayake, R. King, N. Jenkins, Topologies of multiterminal HVDC-VSC transmission for large offshore wind farms. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 81(2), 271–281 (2011)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat T.M. Haileselassie, T. Undeland, K. Uhlen, Multiterminal HVDC for offshore windfarms control strategy. European Power Electronics and Drives Association, 2009 T.M. Haileselassie, T. Undeland, K. Uhlen, Multiterminal HVDC for offshore windfarms control strategy. European Power Electronics and Drives Association, 2009
15.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Hernandez-Gomez, R. Ortega, F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, G. Escobar, Adaptive PI stabilization of switched power converters. Control Syst. Technol., IEEE Trans. 18(3), 688–698 (2010)CrossRef M. Hernandez-Gomez, R. Ortega, F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, G. Escobar, Adaptive PI stabilization of switched power converters. Control Syst. Technol., IEEE Trans. 18(3), 688–698 (2010)CrossRef
16.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Jager-Waldau, Photovoltaics and renewable energies in europe. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 11(7), 1414–1437 (2007)CrossRef A. Jager-Waldau, Photovoltaics and renewable energies in europe. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 11(7), 1414–1437 (2007)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Jayawardhana, R. Ortega, E. Garcia-Canseco, F.F. Castaños, Passivity of Nonlinear Incremental Systems: Application to PI Stabilization of Nonlinear RLC Circuits. In Decision and Control, 2006 45th IEEE Conference on. pp. 3808–3812 (2006) B. Jayawardhana, R. Ortega, E. Garcia-Canseco, F.F. Castaños, Passivity of Nonlinear Incremental Systems: Application to PI Stabilization of Nonlinear RLC Circuits. In Decision and Control, 2006 45th IEEE Conference on. pp. 3808–3812 (2006)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat S.G. Johansson, G. Asplund, E. Jansson, R. Rudervall, Power system stability benefits with VSC DC-transmission systems. In CIGRE Conference, Paris, France (2004) S.G. Johansson, G. Asplund, E. Jansson, R. Rudervall, Power system stability benefits with VSC DC-transmission systems. In CIGRE Conference, Paris, France (2004)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat M.P. Kazmierkowski, R. Krishnan, F. Blaabjerg, J.D. Irwin, Control in Power Electronics: Selected Problems (Academic Press Series in Engineering, Elsevier Science, 2002) M.P. Kazmierkowski, R. Krishnan, F. Blaabjerg, J.D. Irwin, Control in Power Electronics: Selected Problems (Academic Press Series in Engineering, Elsevier Science, 2002)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat N.M. Kirby, M.J. Luckett, L. Xu, W. Siepmann, HVDC transmission for large offshore windfarms. in AC-DC Power Transmission, 2001. Seventh International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 485), pp. 162–168. IET, (2001) N.M. Kirby, M.J. Luckett, L. Xu, W. Siepmann, HVDC transmission for large offshore windfarms. in AC-DC Power Transmission, 2001. Seventh International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 485), pp. 162–168. IET, (2001)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Lee, Input-output linearization and zero-dynamics control of three-phase AC/DC voltage-source converters. Power Electron., IEEE Trans. 18(1), 11–22 (2003)CrossRef T. Lee, Input-output linearization and zero-dynamics control of three-phase AC/DC voltage-source converters. Power Electron., IEEE Trans. 18(1), 11–22 (2003)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Lund, Large-scale integration of wind power into different energy systems. Energy 30(13), 2402–2412 (2005)CrossRef H. Lund, Large-scale integration of wind power into different energy systems. Energy 30(13), 2402–2412 (2005)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Perez, R. Ortega, J.R. Espinoza, Passivity-based PI control of switched power converters. Control Syst. Technol., IEEE Trans. 12(6), 881–890 (2004)CrossRef M. Perez, R. Ortega, J.R. Espinoza, Passivity-based PI control of switched power converters. Control Syst. Technol., IEEE Trans. 12(6), 881–890 (2004)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat R.T. Pinto, S.F. Rodrigues, P. Bauer, J. Pierik, Comparison of direct voltage control methods of multi-terminal dc (MTDC) networks through modular dynamic models. in Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011–14th European Conference on, pp. 1–10 (Aug 2011) R.T. Pinto, S.F. Rodrigues, P. Bauer, J. Pierik, Comparison of direct voltage control methods of multi-terminal dc (MTDC) networks through modular dynamic models. in Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011–14th European Conference on, pp. 1–10 (Aug 2011)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Qiu, E.J. Davison, Performance Limitations of Non-minimum Phase Systems in the Servomechanism Problem, pp. 337–349 (1993) L. Qiu, E.J. Davison, Performance Limitations of Non-minimum Phase Systems in the Servomechanism Problem, pp. 337–349 (1993)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Sanchez, R. Ortega, R. Gri no, G. Bergna, M. Molinas-Cabrera, Conditions for Existence of equilibrium points of systems with constant power loads. In Decision and Control, 2013 52nd IEEE Conference on, Firenze, Italy, 2013 S. Sanchez, R. Ortega, R. Gri no, G. Bergna, M. Molinas-Cabrera, Conditions for Existence of equilibrium points of systems with constant power loads. In Decision and Control, 2013 52nd IEEE Conference on, Firenze, Italy, 2013
28.
Zurück zum Zitat M.M. Seron, J.H. Braslavsky, G.C. Goodwin, Fundamental Limitations in Filtering and Control, 1st edn. (Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2011) M.M. Seron, J.H. Braslavsky, G.C. Goodwin, Fundamental Limitations in Filtering and Control, 1st edn. (Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2011)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Shah, R. Hassan, J. Sun, HVDC transmission system architectures and control—a review. In Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on, pp. 1–8, June 2013 S. Shah, R. Hassan, J. Sun, HVDC transmission system architectures and control—a review. In Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on, pp. 1–8, June 2013
30.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Shuai, X. Zhang, Input-output linearization and stabilization analysis of internal dynamics of three-phase AC/DC voltage-source converters. In Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010 International Conference on, pp. 329–333, Oct. 2010 D. Shuai, X. Zhang, Input-output linearization and stabilization analysis of internal dynamics of three-phase AC/DC voltage-source converters. In Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010 International Conference on, pp. 329–333, Oct. 2010
31.
Zurück zum Zitat J.-L. Thomas, S. Poullain, A. Benchaib, Analysis of a robust DC-bus voltage control system for a VSC transmission scheme. In AC-DC Power Transmission, 2001. Seventh International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 485), pp. 119–124, Nov. 2001 J.-L. Thomas, S. Poullain, A. Benchaib, Analysis of a robust DC-bus voltage control system for a VSC transmission scheme. In AC-DC Power Transmission, 2001. Seventh International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 485), pp. 119–124, Nov. 2001
32.
Zurück zum Zitat A.J. van der Schaft, \({{\cal {L}}_2}\) -gain and Passivity Techniques in Nonlinear Control. Communications and Control Engineering (Springer, Berlin, 2000) A.J. van der Schaft, \({{\cal {L}}_2}\) -gain and Passivity Techniques in Nonlinear Control. Communications and Control Engineering (Springer, Berlin, 2000)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat A.J. van der Schaft, Characterization and partial synthesis of the behavior of resistive circuits at their terminals. Syst. Control Lett. 59(7), 423–428 (2010)CrossRefMATH A.J. van der Schaft, Characterization and partial synthesis of the behavior of resistive circuits at their terminals. Syst. Control Lett. 59(7), 423–428 (2010)CrossRefMATH
34.
Zurück zum Zitat A.J. van der Schaft, D. Jeltsema, Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview. (Now publishers Inc, 2014) A.J. van der Schaft, D. Jeltsema, Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview. (Now publishers Inc, 2014)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Yazdani, R. Iravani, Voltage-Sourced Controlled Power Converters - Modeling (Control and Applications, Wiley IEEE, 2010)CrossRef A. Yazdani, R. Iravani, Voltage-Sourced Controlled Power Converters - Modeling (Control and Applications, Wiley IEEE, 2010)CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, A. Benchaib, A globally asymptotically stable dencentralized PI controller for multi-terminal high-voltage DC transmission systems. in Proceedings of the 13th European Control Conference on, June 2014 D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, A. Benchaib, A globally asymptotically stable dencentralized PI controller for multi-terminal high-voltage DC transmission systems. in Proceedings of the 13th European Control Conference on, June 2014
37.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, A. Benchaib, Modeling and control of high-voltage direct-current transmission systems: from theory to practice and back. CoRR abs/1406.4392 (2014) D. Zonetti, R. Ortega, A. Benchaib, Modeling and control of high-voltage direct-current transmission systems: from theory to practice and back. CoRR abs/1406.4392 (2014)
Metadaten
Titel
Control of HVDC Transmission Systems: From Theory to Practice and Back
verfasst von
Daniele Zonetti
Romeo Ortega
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20988-3_9

Neuer Inhalt