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2022 | Buch

Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies

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This book presents chapters from diverse range of authors on different aspects of how Blockchain and IoT are converging and the impacts of these developments. The book provides an extensive cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary look into this trend and how it affects artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and robotics with a look at applications in aerospace, agriculture, automotive, critical infrastructures, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, smart transport systems, smart cities, and smart healthcare. Cases include the impact of Blockchain for IoT Security; decentralized access control systems in IoT; Blockchain architecture for scalable access management in IoT; smart and sustainable IoT applications incorporating Blockchain, and more. The book presents contributions from international academics, researchers, and practitioners from diverse perspectives.

Presents how Blockchain and IoT are converging and the impacts of these developments on technology and its application;Discusses IoT and Blockchain from cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary perspectives;Includes contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from around the world.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Blockchain: A New Era of Technology
Abstract
The revolution with technologies happens very often; one such technology is called “blockchain” which will be a game-changer in many functional sectors of the society. Initially, this technology was developed to support cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin). Blockchain is just a growing list of records that are termed as blocks that are linked using cryptographic algorithms. Every block in the Blockchain contains a hash of the previous block with timestamp along with the data. The rapid growth of web and usage of Internet resources have pervaded Blockchain over a broad range of applications which includes finance, healthcare, agriculture, insurance, government, and manufacturing with potential advantages contributing to society. This chapter is for educators, practitioners, and professionals who want an overview of Blockchain technology and provides insights of understanding of Blockchain technology and its impact on economy. This chapter walks through foundation of Blockchain technology by highlighting its development history, Blockchain framework, challenges, and so on. Finally, the future of Blockchain in industrial applications along with some case studies is discussed.
J. Sudeep, S. C. Girish, Karthik Ganapathi, K. Raghavendra, Hong Lin, P. Subramanya
Chapter 2. Blockchain Applications that are Transforming the Society
Abstract
Since the introduction of digital technology, the drastic changes can be seen in our society in almost all fields from agriculture to aviation; because of this, the communication between person and person, industries, and organizations at various level is rationalized, as technology that took prominent role in financial- and asset-related issues made the living standards of the public better, but the crime rate also drastically increased, and various security breaches and issues came into limelight. Individuals, organizations, industries, government departments, international organizations also faced issues of cybersecurity breaches, hacking, and cryptographical rogue attempts on data and documentation; in this situation, the attempt by hackers in stealing the information and data is common, and day after day, it is increasing which disturbs the society in terms of insecurity and financial losses; to protect the data or information or documents or transactions, the best technology is blockchain technology. Similarly, to handle home and industry automation issues through the Internet and in networked environment, a popular technology came into prominence called Internet of Things (IOT); as it is open-ended and used by many people and hence billions of IOT devices are in use, IOT device environments are to be protected in such a way that at any given situation, these devices should not face any security breaches. Blockchain technology offers advanced security solutions and is used for the digital currency or cryptocurrency security and many other areas including IOT security where unique IOT device identification, device functionality testing, and device field usage can be explored and in turn can make the society digitally safe.
C. V. Ravishankar, K. S. Kavitha
Chapter 3. Blockchain-Enabled IoT Integrated Autonomous Sewage Management System
Abstract
The Internet and its implementation have become an important part of the human lifestyle of today. In every way, it has become an integral device. Researchers went through connecting just computers to the Internet because of the immense need for demand. In order to prevent serious injury and even loss of life, operations produced under unsafe conditions, such as sewage cleaning and mining, need active investment from the industry. Safety measures are taken to incorporate current sensor technologies and wireless communication system based on Internet of Things (IoT) that uses cloud computing for transmission and storage of wireless module parameters. Protection and understanding of sewage cleaning are now a significant issue. The health of sewage cleaners is at risk primarily because of the release of poisonous gases or oxygen insufficiency. In this project, a continuous monitoring system will be built to monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide (poisonous gases), and humidity. The parameters are continually detected by different sensors; the admin will take appropriate measures to handle the situation if any irregular condition occurs. For the registration of new IoT devices and users, blockchain network will help in authentication and identification. Blockchain technology also manages the sensitive events happening in the IoT network system and notifies to users.
G. B. Janardhana Swamy, D. R. Janardhana, C. P. Vijay, Vinayakumar Ravi
Chapter 4. e-Reside: A Case Study on Blockchain for IoT in Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi
Abstract
Today, we are living in a technological world that it is necessary to use more advanced technologies to control devices remotely from different locations. Earlier electronic devices were controlled through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee in the restricted areas, but with the help of advanced technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud, we can extend it to such a level where we can control the devices even from remote areas. Raspberry Pi is one such technology which made a strong influence to control any electronic devices even from the remote areas. The technology designed can expand in allowing multiplicity of devices that can be controlled and also at a very low cost. Usage of Raspberry Pi device on home automation and its benefits need to be observed. Ever-growing connected ecosystem provisioned the industry to change the way we interact with the traditional brick and mortar houses to such an extent that the user is entirely in control of his home’s comfort and security. For the useful utilization of power very effectively, certain human errors happening unintentionally need to be reduced, like to switch off home appliances; the home automation system has to be designed in such a way that they need to control all electronic devices of a house remotely in a secured and safe manner. The smart home is one of the most mainstream applications which can improve the inhabitant’s life quality. Nevertheless, the security and protection problems of the house owner bring developing difficulties, while an ever-increasing number of information are gathered and shared by the various IoT gadgets inside the smart home. Blockchain for an IoT is a developing enchanting innovation strategy that gives a private, secure, and decentralized instrument for the information utilization in smart home.
Prashanth Kambli, A. Ashwitha, G. Shruthi
Chapter 5. Blockchain-Based Fog Computing Model (BFCM) for IoT Smart Cities
Abstract
Over the past few years, the necessity of smart city has grown considerably. The smart city infrastructure grasps several technologies like Internet of Things, blockchain, and fog and cloud computing to form sustainable development of innovative applications for intellectual data processing, control systems, and communications between heterogeneous network infrastructures. Some of the smart city’s initiatives are green energy, water and pollution management, smart transportation, wireless Internet services, and promotion of local commerce that incorporate technologies in infrastructure to extenuate many of the entanglements. Blockchain provides decentralized architecture with the list of records called blocks, linked using cryptography for built-in security to strengthen the trust and integrity of data transactions. Fog computing acts as a significant place to analyze the IoT data gathered from the near sensor devices at the edge of the network. The network edge performs the data processing for smart city applications and reduces the energy consumption for communication in IoT environment. But, the downside of the technology’s implementation is it faces multiple challenges like security, data privacy, data integrity, platform dependencies, and resource management. This chapter discusses a conceptual framework with the dimensions (1) technology, (2) human, and (3) organization and reconnoitring the challenges of digital technologies with the support of blockchain-based fog computing model which reduces energy consumption and latency in data communication and improves security features. At the end of this chapter, the authors present suggestions to get rid of the gap and challenges in connecting the cities and citizens to governance, education, and regulation.
R. Venkadeshan, M. Jegatha
Chapter 6. Role of Blockchain in Agriculture and Food Sector: A Summary
Abstract
Agriculture is the backbone of major nations around the world and also a very important sector for the survival of mankind. For a country like India, it contributes immensely and plays a significant role in the overall societal and economical foundation and steadiness. But in spite of all of this, one less focused industry that blockchain has the prospective to transform entirely is agriculture. Even though agriculture is not jargon and attractive as many other sectors such as finance or health care, this very essential and a basic need industry for mankind with lots of issues to be resolved. Blockchain is an innovative and disruptive technology which has a disseminated ledger over a peer-to-peer network for transaction. It provides an insight into inventive approach for information to save, debug, and inculcate transactions and functions and establishing confidence in an open environment in academia and industry by providing renowned and latest technical solutions to traditional problems which are based on this new technology; the security and privacy of blockchains are the center of attraction when deploying blockchain in different applications. The cryptographic aspect is able to provide reliable and secure decentralized solutions. Blockchain has an enormous assortment of applications ahead of cryptocurrencies. The technology is set to drastically renovate a number of industrial sectors like healthcare, financing, and banking. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview and glimpses of the blockchain in agriculture and food sector briefing its applications, case study, and challenges.
N. Kamalakshi, Naganna
Chapter 7. PalCom Middleware-Based Blockchain Challenges on Healthcare System
Abstract
Blockchain is an emerging technology with decentralized (Nakamoto, S., Bitcoin, A. (2008). Peer-to-peer electronic cash system. BN Publishing, La Vergne, TN, USA) and distributed technology utilized in third trusted party (TTP) for securing and solving cyberattacks. Healthcare system is a potential application having a strong impact on trustless and transparent system. The scope of PalCom middleware is to enable the GUI development and maintains the huge data values using blockchain. The PalCom directives use the commands/parameters in a limited version to access online patients. It aims to deliver a compiled working of blockchain to keep secure and safe digital relationships using private key cryptography and authentication. The challenges include fragmented patient data, medical record integrity, smart contract security, and privacy. This work includes using the Hyperledger and authentication algorithm. To solve the issues of provided data-intensive domain, i.e., healthcare system, the research shows the benefit and performance based on the cryptography algorithm and provided with the adherence to data regulations and standards.
Sonali S. Dash, V. Rajasekar, Sam Goundar
Chapter 8. Blockchain Enterprise: Use Cases on Multiple Industries
Abstract
The chapter is aimed at explaining the application/use cases of blockchain to bring about transparency, transparency, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness in selected sectors of Indian economy and some areas with respect to a few other countries. The blockchain being a new age technology has attracted many parties/stakeholders to take up initiatives in developing a suitable and a sustainable ecosystem for using it to gain maximum benefits in various application areas/sectors/industries. Blockchain-based technological solutions are being used by banks, currency exchanges, and insurance players and in further applications in other areas such as agriculture, supply chain management, and land record maintenance. Many of these are still being explored in India. This chapter discusses use cases of blockchain enterprise in various sectors like financial services, agriculture, insurance, supply chain management, banking and financial services, and fertilizer subsidy distribution. The issues relating to different sectors are explained first, and then, the process of connecting the existing system/process/technology with block chain to improve efficiency and effectiveness is delineated in detail.
T. Narayanaswamy, P. Karthika, Kandappan Balasubramanian
Chapter 9. Application of Blockchain Technology for 7/12 Asset Tracking System
Abstract
A blockchain is an emerging technology in the age of the Internet and is employed in different areas such as fintech, healthcare, finance, pharmaceuticals, insurance, and digital security. A blockchain is an emergent list of registers termed as blocks that are connected utilizing cryptography. In the state-of-the-art system, the dealing of legal property documents for buying and selling property is accomplished through the government offices. However, these systems result in various frauds due to the middle intermediaries and also have to pay for lawyers. The government had started many applications for finding the property, but in nature, these systems are very complex. In this chapter, we have proposed the 7/12 asset tracking system using blockchain technology. This system is developed to monitor, enhance, and develop secure, trustless, and fraud-free property document handling. In this work, we have designed a shared organization where non-believing mediators can collaborate without a trusted intermediary. In this work, we have proposed a secure system and provide distributed data on the computer of every customer. This will help find the legal property papers and avoids the need for any third parties for property deals in between. This system will tap the fingerprint of the person who was going to sell a property, and the customer will have access to the server. All the property information is going to be displayed using a centralized system in government offices. Finally, this system provides secure and fraud-free handling of property documents.
Y. V. Parkale, M. D. Buchake, S. P. Gaikwad, M. R. Gawade
Chapter 10. Blockchain Technology for Property Sales and Registration
Abstract
Due to involvement of a lot of untrusted actors in the real estate market, real estate cannot be trusted blindly. A blockchain-centered policy has been proposed in this work for real estate operations which prevents property fraud cases and also ensures transparency, safe traceability, and trust. Since blockchain is not a centralized system, use of blockchain avoids forgery or tampering of the real estate documents as the information or data will be stored in form of blocks. We use smart contracts for property registration process.
Shrayas Ranjan Sinha, H. S. Madhusudhan, N. Mahima Pai, Saloni Jain, K. Ujwal, Hong Lin
Chapter 11. An Exhaustive Survey of Blockchain Applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) to Combat COVID-19 Spread
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), triggered by the upsurge of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a pandemic (widespread) in recent days which has made the life of people all over the globe standstill. Thus, in this strenuous situation, there is a need for applications that automate the process and complete with the minimum usage of human resources and well within the stipulated time along with security considerations. To mitigate the above-said challenges, ingenious technologies like Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) have come to light as promising solutions. The main intention of using IoT with Blockchain is to strengthen security and bring transparency in data collected from various external devices. Hence, this paper presents an exhaustive summary and review of the various Blockchain applications integrated with IoT to combat this COVID-19 situation. Taking into account a decent bunch of well-organized scholastic literature, we have broadly classified Blockchain-based IoT applications into four major segments which are smart healthcare, government, banking, and supply chain management to sustain in these difficult times. We shed light on a collective survey of COVID impact on abovementioned four segments, and then, we discuss measurable preventive actions that Blockchain with IOT can provide, and finally, we pull out challenges and future considerations that shed light on more research efforts in order to handle future coronavirus-like pandemic.
K. C. Suhas, N. Mahesh, Asifullakhan, H. L. Gururaj, K. S. Vinayaka, P. Subramanya
Chapter 12. Role of Blockchain in Tackling and Boosting the Supply Chain Management Economy Post COVID-19
Abstract
The year 2020 has witnessed a deadly outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. The unexpected and rapid spread of COVID-19 globally has increased the death rate to a very high rate, and transmission rate found in rich countries is much higher than other countries. With the limited available hospitals and diagnostic centers and deprived disease surveillance systems, it is very tedious to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak. In such situation, latest emerging technologies such as blockchain have capable solution for combating the coronavirus pandemic by enabling early detection of outbreaks and ensuring reliable medical supply chain during the outbreak tracking. This chapter presents the blockchain methods being used to fight against the deadly COVID-19 outbreak. First, we propose the supply chain management aspects that the blockchain can provide for curbing COVID-19 and further use cases, and finally, we present blockchain start-up, pilot, and deployment toolkit, an approach to boost up the economy post COVID-19 outburst.
N. Kamalakshi, Naganna
Chapter 13. Beyond the Bitcoin: Analysis of Challenges to Implement Blockchain in the Jordanian Public Sector
Abstract
Blockchain technology is the most advanced “disruptive innovation” that has caught researchers’ attention. This cutting-edge concept is the underlying technology for digital currencies (e.g., Bitcoin). Blockchain technology (BCT) holds immense potential for e-services by performing transactions in a permanent and verifiable manner. However, the adoption and implementation of Blockchain technology in various services and industries are a challenging task. The adoption and use of BCT require the consideration of a wide range of determinants, over and above the dominant technology focus of most existing research efforts. While academic literature on BCT is only beginning to emerge, the majority is concentrated on the technicalities of this latest technology and is inclined to ignore the complexities of technology adoption in private and public organizations. Drawing from data collected from 213 IT experts and a focused review of extant literature, this study identified a range of challenges (technological, institutional/organizational, and market) to the successful implementation of BCT across different government organizations. The proposed factors can be used by the public sector as a reference point for the efficient adoption of BCT and by scholars for further practical and theoretical research into BCT technology.
Abeer F. Alkhwaldi, Fairouz M. Aldhmour
Chapter 14. Blockchain-Based Secure Method for Tiger Detection Using Machine Learning
Abstract
The field of computer vision is encountering an extraordinary jump forward improvement today. This targets giving a thorough review of the ongoing advancement on computer vision calculations and their related equipment usage. Specifically, the noticeable accomplishments in computer vision errands, for example, picture characterization, object identification, and picture division, brought by profound learning methods are featured. Then again, survey of procedures for executing and upgrading profound learning put together by computer vision calculations with respect to Graphics Processing Units (GPU), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), and other new ages of equipment quickening agents is introduced to encourage ongoing or potentially energy-productive activities. At long last, a few promising bearings for future examination are introduced to propel further advancement in the field. The capacity to convey remote sensor networks in far-off territories is making new occasions to screen jeopardized species and their current circumstance so as to guarantee their insurance and security, and trustworthiness is the fundamental issue in Internet of Things (IoT)-based organization climate in which capture attempt free made sure about correspondence is required. The blockchain innovation is one of the indisputable and tip-top procedures that can be used for the joining of security with remote frameworks. This part gives the definite contextual investigation on blockchain about IoT climate for checking and securing the natural life creatures like tigers.
D. B. Vishwas, M. Gowtham, A. V. Ajay, K. Raghavendra, Vinayakumar Ravi, Sam Goundar
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies
herausgegeben von
H L Gururaj
V Ravi Kumar
Prof. Sam Goundar
Ahmed A Elngar
B H Swathi
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-76216-2
Print ISBN
978-3-030-76215-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76216-2

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