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2016 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking

System Model, Enabling Techniques, and Performance

verfasst von: Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This SpringerBrief examines the active cooperation between users of Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking (CCRN), exploring the system model, enabling techniques, and performance.

The brief provides a systematic study on active cooperation between primary users and secondary users, i.e., (CCRN), followed by the discussions on research issues and challenges in designing spectrum-energy efficient CCRN. As an effort to shed light on the design of spectrum-energy efficient CCRN, they model the CCRN based on orthogonal modulation and orthogonally dual-polarized antenna (ODPA). The resource allocation issues are detailed with respect to both models, in terms of problem formulation, solution approach, and numerical results. Finally, the optimal communication strategies for both primary and secondary users to achieve spectrum-energy efficient CCRN are analyzed.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter presents fundamental issues of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In the first section, background of why using CRN and some conceptual descriptions about CRNs will be given, wherein interleave-type CRN, underlay-type CRN, and overlay-type CRN are detailed. In addition, current research topics, study interests, as well as challenging issues of each CRN type will be discussed. In the second section, user cooperation in CRNs will be illustrated, wherein cooperation between primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs), and cooperation among SUs, are covered, respectively. As the mainline of this monograph, we study active cooperation between PUs and SUs, which is referred to as cooperative cognitive radio networks (CCRN) in the third section. In this part, cooperation frameworks, transmission technologies, and protocol designs will be reviewed. To shed light on this very topic, the associated research directions and challenges will be discussed. Finally, state-of-the-art of CCRN is listed for the readers to have better understanding about CCRN.
Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark
Chapter 2. Orthogonal Signaling Enabled Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking
Abstract
In this chapter, a cross-layer two-phase time division multiple access (TDMA) cooperation framework for primary users (PUs) and secondary user (SUs) in a cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) is proposed and analyzed. Specifically, the cooperation framework in which the SU uses the two-dimensional orthogonal modulation for leveraging two degrees of freedom to relay the PU’s packet and transmit its own data orthogonally in the same time slot is firstly explored. To evaluate the cooperation performance of the proposed framework, a weighted sum throughput maximization problem is then formulated. With the help of primal-dual sub-gradient algorithms, the optimization problem is solved to obtain closed-form solutions to the optimal powers and allocation of the PU and the SU for both the amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying modes. Cooperative regions based on channel state information are given and discussed, and a cross-layer multi-user coordination for a PU to select a relaying SU for both AF and DF are presented. Extensive simulation results validate the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed two-phase TDMA cooperation framework can achieve mutual benefit in the CCRN.
Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark
Chapter 3. Orthogonally Dull-Polarized Antenna Based Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking
Abstract
This chapter is concerned with enhancement of spectrum efficiency/utilization by using polarization enabled two-phase cooperation between primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) for cooperative cognitive radio networking (CCRN). Specifically, we aim to exploit the degrees of freedom provided by orthogonally dual-polarized antennas (ODPAs) to attain an interference-free two-phase cooperation framework. The use of ODPAs enables concurrent transmissions of multiple independent signals of PUs and SUs, and interference suppression via polarization zero-forcing and polarization filtering to obtain significant performance improvement. By leveraging both temporal and polarization domains, a polarization based two-timescale CCRN scheme to improve spectrum efficiency/utilization is presented. To maximize a weighted sum throughput of PUs and SUs under energy/power constraints, the problem is formulated and solved based on a multi-timescale Markov decision process, and two modified backward iteration algorithms are devised to attain the optimal policies. Numerical and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for CCRN, showing that the obtained policy outperforms both greedy and random ones.
Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark
Chapter 4. Optimal Communication Strategies in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking
Abstract
This chapter is concerned with enhancement of spectrum utilization whereby a licensed primary user (PU) engages unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to relay its transmission in an energy-aware cognitive radio network to expedite information transfer. The cooperation can be pure relaying or provide diversity transmissions using an amplify-and-forward or decode-and-forward mode. In a cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN), the individual cooperating partner attempts to maximize its own utility. The energy-aware partner selection and parameter optimization process, led by the PU, is formulated as two Stackelberg games, namely a sum-constrained power allocation game for two-phase and a power control game for three-phase cooperation, respectively. Unique Nash Equilibrium is proved and achieved in analytical format for each game. The optimal communication strategy is chosen which achieves the maximum PU utility among different optimal communication strategies. Moreover, an implementation scheme is presented to perform the partner selection and parameter optimization based on the analytical results. Theoretical analysis and performance evaluation show that the proposed CCRN model is a promising framework under which the PU’s utility is maximized, while the relaying SUs can attain acceptable utilities.
Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark
Chapter 5. Conclusions and Closing Remarks
Abstract
With the rapid progress in communication technologies and the explosive proliferation of wireless applications, the demand for wireless broadband services continues to explode. On the one hand, as a precious natural resource, the amount of most easily explorable radio spectrum for wireless communications is extremely limited. On the other hand, the significant spectrum underutilization resulting from current fixed spectrum allocation polices has even exacerbated the situation of spectrum scarcity.
Bin Cao, Qinyu Zhang, Jon W. Mark
Metadaten
Titel
Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking
verfasst von
Bin Cao
Qinyu Zhang
Jon W. Mark
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-32881-2
Print ISBN
978-3-319-32879-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32881-2

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