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Das Kapitel befasst sich mit dem MERIDIAN C-ITS-Projekt, einer bahnbrechenden Initiative in Cork City, Irland, die sich auf den Einsatz kooperativer intelligenter Transportsysteme (C-ITS) zur Verbesserung der Straßensicherheit, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit konzentriert. Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, Kommunikations-, Computer- und Sensortechnologien zu integrieren, um den Informationsaustausch zwischen Fahrzeugen und Infrastruktur am Straßenrand in Echtzeit zu ermöglichen. Zu den Schlüsselaspekten gehört die Installation von Pannenfahrzeugen (RSUs) und On-Board-Einheiten (OBUs) in verschiedenen Fahrzeugtypen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf vier Tag-1-Diensten liegt: In-Vehicle Signage (IVS), Hazardous Location Notification (HLN), Roadworks Warning (RWW) und Probe Vehicle Data (PVD). Von den operativen Auswirkungen des Projekts wird erwartet, dass sie die Informationsverbreitung, die Straßensicherheit und das Störungsmanagement verbessern, während sich die Auswirkungen auf die Organisation auf Interessengruppen wie TII, Speditionen und Rettungsdienste auswirken werden. Das Kapitel hebt auch die Übereinstimmung des Projekts mit den EU-Standards und sein Potenzial zur Förderung nachhaltigen Wachstums und des Umweltschutzes hervor. Die Schlussfolgerung unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Zusammenarbeit der Interessengruppen, um die Ziele des Projekts zu erreichen: Verbesserung der Mobilität, der Straßensicherheit und des Unfallmanagements, wodurch letztlich die Autobahnen der Stadt Cork zukunftssicher gemacht werden.
KI-Generiert
Diese Zusammenfassung des Fachinhalts wurde mit Hilfe von KI generiert.
Abstract
Motorways in Ireland have experienced growth in demand over the last few decades due to a rise in vehicular traffic, impacting greatly on the operational capacity of the various high mobility conduits during peak hours. This is especially the case in Cork city on the N40, M8, N8 and N25 motorways on their approach to the Jack Lynch Tunnel and Dunkettle Interchange. Whilst this increased activity may be indicative of economic growth, the recurring congestion resulting from this reduces the mobility of road users at peak hours and is likely to impact the environment negatively through increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The increased vehicular activity is also highly likely to have adverse implications on road safety across the highly trafficked sections of motorway in and around Cork city. To manage the demand and remedy the impacts thereof, there is active deployment of various Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), in line with Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII)’s vision “to ensure that Ireland’s national road and light rail infrastructure is safe and resilient, delivering better accessibility and sustainable mobility for people and goods”. This paper seeks to highlight the pragmatic approach selected, including the key considerations and the challenges encountered in the development of the concept and design of the EU-funded MERIDIAN Cork Co-operative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) on behalf of TII.
1 Introduction
The Co-operative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) is an emerging technology that integrates communication, computing, and sensing technologies to enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of transportation systems. The aim of this technology is to enable transport infrastructure to communicate with vehicles through roadside equipment, and with centralised control systems to disseminate information on prevalent traffic conditions, road construction and maintenance activities, and other relevant factors in real-time. This enables road users to anticipate and react to potential hazards, improving mobility through congestion mitigation. C-ITS enables also the road operators to receive real-time information from individual vehicles, allowing the traffic managers to ascertain the road network’s current performance.
2 Overview and Scope of the Project
The MERIDIAN C-ITS is a technology deployment that is currently under development on behalf of TII with the support of the Department of Transport (DoT) and is co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility of the European Union. The project is looking at the deployment of roadside units on the N40, M8, N25 and N8 motorways and urban roads leading up to Dunkettle Interchange. To ensure economy and sustainability of the deployment, the design of the C-ITS scheme, depicted in the Fig. 1 below, has aimed to co-locate the majority of the RSUs on existing ITS sites with allowance for a few additional Greenfields, in-fill sites to be installed to ensure 100% coverage of the road network.
Fig. 1.
Overview of the Road network and device locations. Image created using ARCGIS Pro.
A key aspect of the project is the installation of 150 on-board units (OBU) will be deployed in vehicles to display real-time road network status updates to the read users. This will also include the necessary graphic user interface (GUI)/on-board screen to allow for effective display of the relevant road status information. The OBUs will be proportionately distributed and installed in light vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, transit, and commuter vehicles, as well as emergency vehicles. A list of stakeholders has been compiled and both private and public fleets will be targeted for the deployment.
The provision of necessary telecommunications technology and software to support the C-ITS equipment is essential and it is necessary to consider additional access switches for the deployment of the RSUs at the existing ITS sites on the N40 and Dunkettle ITS scheme, so these were treated on a case-by-case basis in the design process thus far. A pilot project is currently underway in Dublin City under the C-Roads Platform and the Cork C-ITS has been designed in line with the Pilot to ensure uniformity and interoperability. To that end, the C-Roads C-ITS Standards and Guidelines documents have been key in the development of the concept and design of the system in question. Integration with existing C-ITS and ITS infrastructure will improve the roads agencies' network management capability. Ultimately, this system will provide a link to Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services and the intended benefits that the mutual benefits that this will provide (i.e. between C-ITS and wider CCAM functions).
A vital part of the C-ITS deployment are the back-end support systems These include the logical infrastructure, consisting of software needed to enable data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure. This includes the TII Network Intelligent Management System (NIMS), which is key in the operation of the Motorway Operation Control Centre. Cybersecurity systems are also critical in the success of the C-ITS deployment in order to ensure data security during the operation of the proposed system and allowance has been made for the devices to support PKI certification for authentication in line with ITS Directive 2010/40/EU.
The goals of the C-ITS deployment are ultimately to improve mobility by reducing congestion, thus improving road safety. The improved mobility will also, in turn result in reduced emissions, leading to a positive environmental impact. The improvement in information dissemination to public and key transport role players will allow better decision making and transport management.
Anzeige
A variety of message types are envisaged to be transmitted via ETSI ITS-G5 and Cellular between RSUs, OBUs and handheld mobile devices. The message types must be consistent with the C-Roads standards and guidelines. The message types that were considered for the C-ITS are DENM, IVIM, CAM, MAPEM, SPATEM, and SSEM.
3 Services and Use Cases
For the Meridian C-ITS deployment, four (4) Day 1 services were identified, with a total of nine (9) use cases under consideration. The services selected for the Meridian deployment are as follows:
1.
In-vehicle signage (IVS),
2.
Hazardous Location Notification (HLN)
3.
Roadworks warning, (RWW) and
4.
Probe Vehicle Data (PVD)
The selected services are aligned to the services and use cases that are to be deployed as part of the C-Roads Pilot project in Dublin for ease of system integration and interoperability. Stakeholder engagement with TII and the C-Roads pilot project technical team played a critical role in the definition of the services and relevant use cases. Table 1 below shows the selected C-ITS services and relevant use cases.
Table 1.
C-ITS Services and Use Cases
C-ITS Service
Relevant C-Roads Use Case
In-Vehicle Signage
Traffic Signs (IVS-TS)
Free Text (IVS-FT)
Hazardous Location Notification
Traffic Jam Ahead (HLN-TJA)
Stationary vehicle (HLN-SV)
Weather Condition Warning (HLN-WCW)
Road Works Warning
Lane Closure (RWW – LC)
Road Closure (RWW – RC)
Road Works – Mobile (RWW-RM)
Probe Vehicle Data
Vehicle Data Collection (PVD-VDC)
A high-level operational architecture was developed for each service and respective use cases and an example of the In-Vehicle Signage service in Fig. 2 is depicted below:
The main changes to the traditional ITS network expected through the deployment of the C-ITS equipment include the broadcasting of safety alerts and warning messages to vehicle operators, improved mobility for vehicles, and once the OBU penetration is optimal, increased volumes of operations data received at the MOCC for strategic traffic management.
The primary expected operational impacts and benefits of the project are:
Improved information dissemination to the road users (public and private), as well as key transport role players for better decision making and transport management. The C-ITS aims to expand the reach of the incident information dissemination beyond the location of the existing ITS network by providing in-trip and pre-trip information to road users.
Enhanced road safety through more effective traffic management for road users and construction and maintenance personnel.
Improved incident and traffic event management through improved information dissemination to upstream traffic, as well as dedicated communication with emergency services. A use case for traffic management using mobile RSUs on emergency and maintenance vehicles. This will ensure dedicated communication for vehicles approaching roadworks, construction zones, and/or incidents.
Resilience and optimisation of operations by raising the level of underlying roadside technology and in-vehicle functionality to support enhanced control strategies.
Secondary operational impacts are summarised as follows:
Supporting sustainable growth in the national economy by improving the efficiency of the major traffic routes into and out of Cork City.
Improved air quality and environmental conservation by empowering road users and operators with information to make informed, evidence-based trip decisions, resulting in reduced congestion and greenhouse gas emissions.
Reduced disruption due to civils works by leveraging the existing communications ducting infrastructure where possible. This economic approach of colocation on existing ITS devices will ensure time and cost saving for TII and provide a sustainably approach to technology deployment.
Reduced disruption due to civils works by developing a wireless roadside communications network where existing ducting or cabling infrastructure is not available.
Extending the reach of the C-ITS Ireland Pilot and charting the way for advances in connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology deployment in Ireland. The Meridian deployment will present TII with the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of C-ITS technologies with a view for possible further deployment across Ireland. It is expected that vehicle probe data collection and analysis will facilitate this- exercise.
5 Organisational Impacts
The addition of new technology and systems has wide implications on the organisations deploying them. The C-ITS deployment will have organisational impacts on TII and the key stakeholders in charge of operating and maintaining the system. TII, as the owner of the system will have to ensure that operations and maintenance contracts are in place when the C-ITS is operational. The road network operators at the MOCC will be required to train staff on how to operate the C-ITS. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) will need to be developed for the C-ITS, incorporating the services and use cases identified for the Meridian Project. The maintenance contractor will be required to ensure that the technicians are trained and capable of performing maintenance on the C-ITS equipment. A clear SOP for corrective and preventative maintenance works will need to be developed so as to streamline the maintenance activities.
Drastic organisational impacts are also expected for haulage/logistics companies, the OEMs/vehicle manufacturers, City Council, construction/maintenance contractors, and emergency vehicle dispatchers. The haulage companies will need to coordinate the installation of any OBUs and any associated in-vehicle equipment. They will need to train operators how to use the new technologies and adapt their fleet operations to enable the best utilization of the new capabilities brought about by the C-ITS. The Emergency services will need to adapt to their new capabilities, which are expected to be improved response times and more efficient operations.
It is important to note that contingency plans will be required in order to mitigate the risks associated with the deployment of and connectivity to the C-ITS.
6 Conclusion
In conclusion, the C-ITS is anticipated to be a ground-breaking project that will have immense impact on the transport network management scene in Cork City and Ireland as a whole. Communication with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) will take
place to establish the penetration of vehicles with C-ITS capability in the Irish car
market.
It is anticipated to improve road safety and mobility for the road users on the road network in Cork City and accelerate alignment with the greater EU goal of uniformity in digital corridor management. Strategically disseminating information to the public, those involved in transport management and to key transport decision makers will be at the heart of the C-ITS operations. The overall deployment aims of improving mobility, road safety, incident management and reducing emissions to future proof the motorways in Cork City are achievable if all stakeholders work together.
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