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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Critical Assessment of Industrial Heritage Recording Processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina

verfasst von : Maja Pličanić, Tijana Veljković

Erschienen in: Interdisciplinary Advances in Sustainable Development II

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

The present methodological approach to developing a database in the field of architectural heritage is based on the establishment of measurable parameters that would ensure the most objective recognition of cultural and historical values. Considering the international guidelines for defining industrial heritage and the limited representation of this category of architectural heritage on the list of protected cultural assets at all administrative levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the parameters for identifying industrial heritage were defined. In this regard, this paper examines the characteristics of industrial heritage in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina by implementing historical and comparative analysis derived from systematic research of industrial heritage in Sarajevo and Tuzla. Two different methodological approaches to documenting individual industrial buildings and complexes, as well as mutually related industrial ensembles, are combined and presented in this article. The standardized form of record sheets intends to separate the parameters that are typical of Bosnia and Herzegovina's industrial heritage so that the method can be implemented in all regions of the country, as well as to provide directions for further valorization and legal protection.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Understanding the Principles of the 15-Minute City Concept and the Repercussions on the City’s Health: The Curious Case of the City of Sarajevo
Nächstes Kapitel Neglecting the Protection of Urban Cultural Heritage; Examples of Jajce Military Barracks and Residence Konak
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Fußnoten
1
The intricacy of the protective services structure stems from the complexity of the country's administrative system. The Commission to Preserve National Monuments is responsible for cultural heritage protection at the national level, which is followed by two institutes at the entity level: the Institute for the Protection of Cultural, Historical, and Natural Heritage at the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Srpska, and the Institute for the Protection of Monuments at the Federal Ministry of Culture and Sports. Protection of historical buildings at cantonal levels is administered by institutes for the conservation of cultural, historical, and natural heritage (Sarajevo Canton, Tuzla Canton, Central Bosnia Canton, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, and Una Sana Canton), while special services at departments related to the Ministry of Culture are provided in the remaining five cantons, which do not have established institutes [4].
 
2
It is certainly the result of the absence of a single Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage at the national level.
 
3
The list provided by the Institute from RS partially overlaps (three facilities from Banja Luka) with the records of the Institute of the Federation of BH, because the latter has a database made on the basis of the inventory from 1986 of the then Republic Institute (SRBiH).
 
4
The building of the Elektrobosna factory in Jajce, the warehouse of the Elektrobosna factory in Jajce, the foundry building in Drvar, the production hall of the former Drvar Pulp Factory and the machine shop with the foundry of the Ljubija mine in Prijedor. These five buildings are “protected on the basis of significant events from the national liberation struggle (NOB)—registration decision of 1950”, and not on the basis of heritage values that testify about their industrial purpose.
 
5
Thus ten buildings were built, the most important of which were: the Soda Factory in Luka-vac, the Electrochemical Industry in Jajce, Wood Distillation facility in Teslić, the Oil Refinery in Bosanski Brod, the Match Factory in Dolac near Travnik and others.
 
6
The largest number of companies built in this period belonged to the wood industry, then in the food and construction materials industry, and then in the textile, graphics, chemical and metal processing industries. Although several factories from the group of propulsive in-dustrial branches such as metal processing and chemical were built, the structure of BH’s industry retained the extractive character it had before 1918 and at a very low technical level [12].
 
7
The newly created political situation (1948—the exit of Yugoslavia from the Cominform) and a high rise in tensions with the Soviet Bloc. “Fearing a simultaneous attack from the north (Hungary) and the east (Bulgaria) and guided by the success of the Partisans in World War II, Tito turned the remote region of central BH, with its wild mountains, densely forested areas and natural caves, into a Yugoslav fortress and center its military industries [16].”
 
8
The most important companies of the military industry were: Bratstvo (howitzers and rocket launchers) in Novi Travnik, Slobodan Princip Seljo/Vitezit (explosives) in Vitez, Slavko Rodić (fuses for mines and grenades) in Bugojno, Pobjeda (detonators) and Istra in Goražde, Soko (jets) in Mostar, Famos (engines for tanks and armored vehicles) in Sarajevo, Rudi Čajevac (radar and electronics) in Banja Luka and others [12, 14, 16].
 
9
In the 1950s, a study of one of's BH industrial power Zenica Ironworks revealed that workers from rural areas traveled eight hours a day from their villages. Internal migration was present within the majority of the workforce working in Yugoslavia's textile, timber, and construction industries, as well as 60% of miners in Serbia and Bosnia [16].
 
10
At the “Recording the Industrial Heritage” meeting held in London in 1989, expert conservation circles agreed that the English system is the most developed at the European level, and as such, it is recommended as a model for inventorying industrial heritage [17].
 
11
After attending some of the early industrial archeology conferences in England, Robert M. Vogel arranged a similar seminar at the Smithsonian on April 11, 1967, to initiate the American version of the movement, largely based on British practice. For instance, the British industrial classification system was introduced back to the United States to serve as the foundation for HAER's Inventory Program [18].
 
12
The choice of spatial coverage as a relevant sample for this systematic investigation was supported by the number of registered industrial facilities on the list of the Institute for Protection of the Federation of BH, which accounts for 27% of the total fund. Preliminary studies of BH's industrial development confirms that the area of Sarajevo as an administrative center was also the country's economic center through almost all historical periods (the Austro-Hungarian period and the period from 1945 to 1992), inheriting the typologically most diverse industrial building remains.
 
13
In certain industrial complexes in Tuzla, goods were transported by horse-drawn carts, which required the construction of stables.
 
14
Also applicable to extractive industries developed in the city of Tuzla.
 
15
Trending modernist design with large window openings and simple geometrical compositions were also documented in this period, such as the engine house of the Spirit factory in Tuzla, designed in 1922.
 
16
“In the socialist system, land management, urban planning, infrastructure and housing policy were focused on the needs of the social sector… Planning was a top-down process, where central planners determined the location of housing blocks and socially owned enterprises.” [16]
 
17
Example of Vareš Majdans—iron production, and salt production in Tuzla, protected as national monuments of BH.
 
18
“Authenticity, integrity, and originality are not values in and of themselves, but rather qualifiers for all other particular values identified by individual authors. They are separated from the values in the UNESCO Operational Guidelines and related to the good as a state of authenticity and integrity.“ [10]
 
19
Cultural property is considered authentic if its values have been explored truthfully and convincingly through various attributes (parameters) such as shape and design; materials and construction; use and function; traditions, techniques, and management systems, location and spatial context, languages and other forms of intangible heritage; spirit and feeling; and other internal and external factors [11].
 
20
The following characteristics are implied by the assessment of integrity: completeness (physical completeness and compactness); continuity of use; complete representation of features and processes that convey the meaning of the asset; intactness of condition; social-functional integrity; and visual integrity [11].
 
21
The provided guidelines were adopted by the Commission for the Preservation of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina to create a database compatible with European standards during the Integrated Rehabilitation Project Plan/Survey of the architectural and archaeological heritage (IRPP/SAAH) project [4].
 
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Pličanić M (2021) Prilozi za metodološki postupak zaštite graditeljskog naslijeđa kroz aktivnu zaštitu industrijskog naslijeđa grada Sarajeva (PhD thesis). University of Sarajevo—Faculty of Architecture
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Veljković T (2022) Endüstri miras alanlarının bütünleşik korunması için bir öneri: Tuzla (Bosna Hersek) (PhD thesis). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University—Department of Restoration and Conservation
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Rogić T (2005) K cjelovitom pristupu valorizaciji industrijskih zgrada: funkcija, forma, prostor. In: Editor, Smokvina, M.: I. međunarodna konferencija u povodu 150. obljetnice tvornice torpeda u Rijeci i očuvanja riječke industrijske baštine. Pro Torpedo, Rijeka
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DeLony E (1999) HAER and the recording of technological heritage: reflections on 30 Years’ Work. IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, pp 5–28
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Metadaten
Titel
Critical Assessment of Industrial Heritage Recording Processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina
verfasst von
Maja Pličanić
Tijana Veljković
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Buch
Interdisciplinary Advances in Sustainable Development II

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-46691-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-46692-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46692-2_11