nach oben

Erschienen in:

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Crop Management

verfasst von : E. Alexopoulou, Y. Papatheohari, D. Picco, N. Di Virgilio, A. Monti

Erschienen in: Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications

Verlag: Springer London

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The determination of the appropriate crop management is a key factor for the successful insertion of the crop in the existing cropping systems with economic benefits. Research on crop management has been conducted when kenaf was evaluated as an excellent cellulose fiber source for a large range of paper products (in 1960s). The most important parameters in the crop management that should be followed are the site of its cultivation and the final end use. New kenaf varieties have been released that were resistant to pests and diseases with improved resistant to drought, and with higher yields. The plant density and the fertilization need to be varied according to its final use of the crop. When it is cultivated for its fiber stem the plant population should be from 170,000 to 350,000 plants per ha and with row spacing 35–50 cm. In areas where the precipitation is limited irrigation is needed to achieve high yields. It is a crop very sensitive to nematodes, especially when it is cultivated in areas with sandy soil and this should be taken under consideration on the rotation system that will be followed. Harvesting time and methods can be adjusted according to the use of the crop (fiber, seeds, fiber and seeds, forage).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel The Breeding of Kenaf

Nächstes Kapitel Environmental Aspects of Kenaf Production and Use

Adamson WC, Long FL, Bagby MO (1979) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, composition, and quality of kenaf. Agron J 71:11–14CrossRef

Adamson WC, Stone EG, Winton NA (1974) Field resistance to the Javanese root-knot nematode in kenaf. Crop Sci 14:334–335CrossRef

Adamson WC, White A, Higgins JJ (1972) Variation in leaf development and dry matter yield among kenaf varieties and introductions. Crop Sci 12:341–343CrossRef

Adenyi MO (1970) Reactions of kenaf and roselle varieties to the root-knot nematodes in Nigeria. Plant Dis Report 54:547–549

Alexopoulou E, Christou M, Mardikis M, Chatziathanassiou A (2000a) Growth and yields of kenaf in Central Greece. Ind Crops Prod 11:163–172CrossRef

Alexopoulou E, Kipriotis E, Christou M, Mardikis M, Georgiadis S (2000b) The yielding potential of kenaf in Greece. In: Proceeedig of the 1st world biomass conference

Amankwatia YO, Takyi SK (1975) Some fertilizer experiments with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ghana. I, Preliminary studies on the effects of different levels of nitrogen on the growth and fibere yield of kenaf. Ghana J Agric Sci 8(2):127–134

Baldwin BS, Hollowell JE, Wosley JW, Cossar RD (2006) Registration of “Whitten” kenaf. Crop Sci 46:988CrossRef

Baldwin B, Kurtz M, Hovermale C, Neil SW (1996) Kenaf: a Guide for production in Mississippi. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Research report, vol. 21, no. 8, Mississippi State University

Banuelos GS, Bryla DR, Cook CG (2002) Vegetative production of kenaf and canola under irrigation in central California. Ind Crops Prod 15:237–245CrossRef

Belocchi A, Quaranta F, Desiderio E (1998) Yield and adaptability of kenaf varieties (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for paper pulping in central Italy. Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Energy and Industry, James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd., London, pp 1039–1049

Bentini M, Pasini P, Venturi P, Baraldi G (1994) Meccanizzazione e raccolta della coltura. In: Vannini L, Venturi G (eds). Il kenaf: materia prima per l’ industria. L’ Informatore Agrario, pp 69–79

Bhangoo MS, Cook CG (1998a) Regional uniform kenaf variety and new breeding lines in California. In: Proceedings of the first annual conference of the American kenaf society, pp 13–16

Bhangoo MS, Cook CG (1998b) Effect of soil salinity on kenaf performance in California, 1997. In: Proceedings of the first annual conference of the American kenaf society, pp 21–26

Bhangoo MS, Tehrani HS, Henderson J (1986) Effect of planning date, nitrogen levels, row spacing and plant population on kenaf performance in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Agron J 78:600–604CrossRef

Campell TA, White GA (1982) Population density and planting date effects on kenaf performance. Agron J 74:74–77CrossRef

Catling PM (1982) Breeding systems of northeastern North American spiranthes (orchidaceae). Can J Bot 60:3017–3039CrossRef

Chen LH, Pote J, Fuller M (1995) Decorticating machine with variable speed feed and beater rollers. Patent number 5,465,464. U.S. Patent Office, 14 Nov 1995

Chen LH, Pote J (1994) In-field separation of kenaf. pp 19–20. In Fuller MJ (ed) A summary of kenaf production and product development research 1989–1993, Bulletin 1011. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, Bulletin 1011, 33 pp

Chew WY, Abdul Malek MA, Ramli K (1982) Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of Congo Jute (Urena lobata) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) on Malaysian peat. MARDI Res Bull 10(3):317–322

Ching A, Webber III CL (1993) Effect of fertilizer applications on kenaf photosynthesis, growth and yield. In: Proceeding of the fourth international kenaf conference, International Kenaf Association, Ladonia, TX, pp 17–23

Ching A, Webber CL III, Neil SW (1993) Effect of location and cultivar on kenaf yield components. Ind Crops Prod 1:191–196CrossRef

Clark TF, Wolff IA (1969) A search for new fiber crops, XI. Compositional characteristics of Illinois kenaf at several population densities and maturities. TAPPI 52:2606–2116

Columbus EP, Fuller MJ (1999) Factors affecting kenaf fiber and core separation. In: Kenaf properties: processing and products. Mississippi State University, Mississippi, pp 83–89

Cook C, Escobar D, Everitt J, Cavazos I, Robinson F, Davis R (1998) Airborne video monitoring of root-knot nematode damage in kenaf. In: Proceedings of the first annual conference of the American Kenaf Society, pp 145–148

Cook C, Scott A, Sij J (1999) Release of kenaf cultivars “Gregg” and “Dowling”. In: Proceedings of the second annual conference of the American Kenaf Society, pp 138–140

Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) (1988) New harvester: a big step toward commercial kenaf production. USDA Photography Division, Washington, Photo Feature #322, 4 pp

Crane JC (1947) Kenaf: fibre-plant, rival of jute. Econ Bot 1:334–350CrossRef

Danalatos NG, Archontoulis SV (2010) Growth and biomass productivity of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus, L.) under different agricultural inputs and management practices in central Greece. Ind Crops Prod 32:231–240CrossRef

Dempsey JM (1975) Fiber crops. The University Press of Florida, Florida, p 457

DuBard K, Baldwin B (1999) Preliminary investigations on biomass production of Mississippi-grown kenaf. In: Proceedings of the second annual conference of the American Kenaf Society, pp 149–154

El Bassam N, Huisman W (2001) Harvesting and storage of Miscanthus. In: Jones MB, Walsh M (eds) Miscanthus for energy and fibre. James and James Science Publication, London, pp 86–108

Evans DW, Hang AH (1993) Kenaf in irrigated central Washington. In: Janick J, Simon JE (eds) New crops. Wiley, New York, pp 409–410

Fahmy R, Aboushoba L, Hella AM, Abdel Salam SA (1985) The effect of plant population levels on growth, yield, and fiber quality of kenaf. Agric Res Rev 63:137–145

Fernando A, Duarte P, Morai J, Cartoga A, Serras G, Pizza S, Godovikova V, Oliveira JL (2004a) Characterization of kenaf potential in Portugal as an industrial and energy feedstock. The effect of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and different harvest dates. In: Proceeding of the 2nd world conference on biomass for energy, industry and climate protection (Rome, 10–14/5/2004), pp 169–172

Fernando A, Duarte P, Morai J, Cartoga A, Serras G, Pizza S, Godovikova V, Oliveira JL (2004b) Characterization of kenaf potential in Portugal as an industrial and energy feedstock. The effect of different varieties, sowing dates, plant population and different harvest dates. In: Proceeding of the 2nd world conference on biomass for energy, industry and climate protection (Rome, 10–14/5/2004), pp. 281–284

Francois LE, Donovan TJ, Maas EV (1990) Salt tolerance of kenaf. In: Janick J, Simon JE (eds) Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland, pp 300–301

Glaser L, Beach D (1993). Industrial uses of agricultural materials situation and outlook report. United States Department of Agriculture, IUS-2

Graham JW, Bladwin BS (1999) Effect of plant population and row spacing on the bast:core ration of kenaf. In: Proceedings of the Second annual conference of the American Kenaf Society, pp 58–62

Haarer AE (1952) Some observations on the cultivation of kenaf. Econ. Botany 6:18–22CrossRef

Hickman MV (1990) Pre-emergence Herbicides for kenaf production. In: kenaf research, development and commercialization. Proceeding from the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops. Annual conference, Peoria, Illinois, p 2

Higgins JJ, White GA (1970) Effects of plant population and harvest date on stem yield and growth components of kenaf in Maryland. Agron J 62:667–668CrossRef

Hollowell JE (1997) Nutritional and yield evaluation of kenaf (H. cannabinus L.) as a potential high quality forage for the southern United States. MS thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi

Hovermale CH (1993) Effect of row width and nitrogen rate on biomass yield of kenaf. In: Proceeding fourth International kenaf conference, International Kenaf Association, Ladonia, TX, pp 35–40

Huisman W, Venturi P (2003) Pretreatment and storage of fibre crops. In: Proceeding of the international South Europe symposium. Non-food crops: from agriculture to industry. Bologna, Italy, 16–17 May 2003. http://www.ienica.net/italyseminar/fibres/huisman.pdf

Ibrahim IKA, Rezk MA, Khalil HAA (1982) Reaction of fifteen malvaceous plant cultivars to root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Nematol Medot 10:135–139

Joyner JF, Fishler DF, Wilson FD (1965) Fertility studies in kenaf. In: Proceeding of the second international kenaf conference, Palm Beach, FL, pp 105–118

Kemble LJ, Krishnan P, Henning KJ, Tilmon HD (2002) Development and evaluation of kenaf harvesting technology. Biosyst Eng 81:49–56CrossRef

Kobayashi Y, Otsuka K, Taniwaki K, Sugimoto M, Kobayashi K (2003) Development of kenaf harvesting technology using a modified sugarcane harvester. JARQ 37(1):65–69. http://www.jircas.affrcgo.jp

Kok CJ, Coenen GCM, de Heij A (1994) The effect of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on selected soil-borne pathogens. J Int Hemp Assoc 1:6–9

Kristensen EF (1999) Storage of winter harvested miscanthus. European Energy Crops InterNetwork, Biobase

Kurtz ME (1994a) Tolerance of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) to post-emergence directed herbicides. Ind Crops Prod 3:145–149CrossRef

Kurtz ME (1994b) Weed control in kenaf. In: Fuller MJ (ed), A summary of kenaf production and product development research 1989–1993. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment State, Mississippi, Bulletin 1011, pp 10–13

Kurtz ME (1996) Kenaf tolerance to acifluorfen, cyanazine, diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, or prometryn applied postemergence-directed. Ind Crops Prod 5:119–124CrossRef

Kurtz ME, Neill S (1992) Tolerance of kenaf to selected post-mergence herbicides. Wood Technol 6:125–128

Kurtz ME, Neill SW (1990) Effect of herbicides on kenaf. In: Kenaf Research, Development and Commercialization. Proceeding from the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops. Annual conference, Peoria, Illinois, pp. 15–16

Lakshminarayana A, Krishna Murty R, Rama Rao M, Appa Rao P (1980) Efficiency of nitrogen utilization by roselle and kenaf. Indian J Agric Sci 50:244–248

Lawrence GW (1994) Plant parasitic nematodes-pests of kenaf, pp 13–14. In: Fuller MJ (ed) A summary of kenaf production and product development research 1989–1993. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Expeiment State, Mississippi, Bulletin 1011, 33 pages

LeMahieu PJ, Oplinger ES, Putnam DH (2000) Kenaf. http://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcum/kenaf.html

Li D (2002) Kenaf production research and development in China. International Kenaf symposium, T.N.USA

Mambelli S, Grandi S (1995) Yield and quality of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stem as affected by harvest date and irrigation. Ind Crops Prod 4:97–104CrossRef

Manzanares M, Tenorio JL, Manzanares P, Ayebre L (1993) Yield and development of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) crop in relation to water supply and intercepted radiation. Biomass Bioenergy 5(5):337–345CrossRef

Massey JH (1974) Effects of nitrogen levels and row widths on kenaf. Agron J 66:822–823CrossRef

McMillin JD, Wagner MR, Webber CL III, Mann SS, Nichols JD, Jech L (1998) Potential for kenaf cultivation in south-central Arizona. Ind Crops Prod 9:73–77CrossRef

McPartland JM, Glass M (2001) Nematicidal effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa) may not be mediated by cannabinoid receptors. New Zeal J Crop Hort Sci 29:301–307CrossRef

Muchow RC (1979a) I Effects of plant population and season on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under irrigation in tropical Australia. 1. Influence on the components of yield. Field Crops Res 2:55–66CrossRef

Muchow RC (1979b) II Effects of plant population and season on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under irrigation in tropical. Seed yield and stem yield at maturity. Field Crops Res 3:27–32CrossRef

Muchow RC (1979c) III Effects of plant population and season on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under irrigation in tropical Australia. Influence on growth parameters and yield prediction. Field Crops Res 2:67–76CrossRef

Muchow RC (1992) Effect of water and nitrogen supply on radiation interception and biomass accumulation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in a semi-arid tropical environment. Field Crops Res 28:281–293CrossRef

Muchow RC, Wood IM (1980) Yield and growth responses of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), in a semi-arid tropical environment, to irrigation regimes based on leaf water potential. Irrig Sci 1:209–222CrossRef

Muchow RC, Wood IM (1981) Pattern of infiltration with furrow irrigation and evaportanspiration of keanf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown on Cununurra clay in the Ord Irrigation Area. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 21:101–108CrossRef

Naffes M, Kanzanda SP (1983) Effect of plant population on green stalk and fibre yields of Jute and Kenaf varieties. Pakistan J Agric Res 4:111–115

Neil SW, Kurtz ME (1994) The effect of plant population on kenaf yield. In Fuller MJ (ed) A summary of kenaf production and product development research 1989–1993. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment State, Mississippi, Bulletin 1011, p 33

Nelson EG, Wilson FD (1965) Inheritance in kenaf as related selection of inbred lines for composite varieties. Tech Bull USDA 1319:1–28

Ogbonnaya CI, Nwalozie MC, Roy-Macauley H, Annerose DJM (1998) Growth and water relations of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) under water deficit on a sandy soil. Ind Crops Prod 8:65–76CrossRef

Ogbonnaya CI, Roy-Macauley H, Nwalozie MC, Annerose DJM (1997) Physical and hystochemical properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under water deficit on a sandy soil. Ind Crops Prod 7:9–18CrossRef

Pate JB, Joyner JF (1958) The inheritance of a male sterility factor in kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. Agron J 50:402CrossRef

Pate JB, Summers TE, Menzel MY (1958) Resistance of Hibiscus etveldianus to root-knot nematode and the possibility of its use as a source of resistance in kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. Plant Dis Report 42:796–797

Patil RC, Thombre MV (1980) Heterosis and combining ability studies in Hibiscus cannabinus (L). JMAU 5:123–126

Pertini C, Bazzocchi R, Montalti P (1994) Yield potential and adaptation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in North-Central Italy. L’Informatore Agrario 3:11–15

Petrini C, Belletti A (1991) Kenaf: adaptability and productivity potentialities in the North Centre of Italy. In: Biomass for energy, industry and envoronment, 6th E.C. conference, Athens, pp 292–296

Robinson AF, Cook CG (2001) Root-knot and reniform nematode reproduction on kenaf and sunnhemp compared with that on nematode resistant and susceptible cotton. Ind Crops Prod 13:249–264CrossRef

Robinson FE (1990) Irrigation of kenaf in a desert. In: USDA CSRS (ed) Kenaf research, development and commercialization. In: Proceedings from the association for the advancement of industrial crops. 5 October, Peoria, IL, pp 23–26

Robson MC, Fowler SM, Lampkin NH, Leifert C, Leitch M, Robinson D (2002) The agronomic and economic potential of break crops for ley/arable rotations in temperate organic agriculture. Adv Agron 77: 369–427

Salih FA (1978) Effects of population densities and row spacing on kenaf yields and its components in the Kenana area of the Sudan. Acta Acad Sci Hung 27:349–356

Salih FA (1982) Effect of variety, sowing date and nitrogen on kenaf yields in the Kenana area of the Sudan. Acta Agron Acad Sci Hung 31:58–66

Salih FA (1983) Effects of population densities and nitrogen levels on kenaf yields and its components in the Kenana area of the Sudan. J Agron Crop Sci 152:48–55

Sarma TC, Ali F, Boldloi DN, Chalika BP, Baruah JN (1996) Studies on biomass production of kenaf. (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). In: Proceedings of symposium on plantation opportunities in India plantation crops: opportunities and constraints, Vol. 1. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Dehli, pp 143–151

Sarma TC, Bordoloi DN (1995) Yield and pulpable biomass of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) varieties under various row spacings and nitrogen. Indian J Agron 40:722–724

Scott AW (1990) Plant population density and dates of harvest on kenaf fiber production in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. In: Kenaf research, development and commercialization. Proceeding from the association for the advancement of industrial crops. Annual conference, Peoria, Illinois, pp 27–33

Scott AW, Cook CG, Taylor S (1999) The effects of harvest timing on kenaf and sunn hemp. In: Proceedings of the second annual conference of the American Kenaf Society, pp 37–40

Siepe T, Ventrella D, Lapenta E (1997) Evaluation of genetic in a collection of Hibiscus cannabinus (L.) and Hibiscus spp (L.). Ind Crops Prod 6:343–352CrossRef

Sij JW, Turner FT (1988) Varietal evaluations and fertility requirements of kenaf in Southeast Texas. Texas Agr Expt Sta, Bul

Stivastava SK, Pandey BP, Lal RS (1978) Combing ability in a six-parent diallel cross in Mesta. Ind J Agric Sci 49:724–730

Webber CL, Bledsoe RE (1993) Kenaf. production, harvesting, processing and products. In: Janick J, Simon JE (eds) New crops. Wiley, New York, pp 416–421

Webber CL III (1999) Effect of kenaf and soybean rotations on yield components. In: Janick J (ed) Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria

Webber CL III (1993) Yield components of five kenaf cultivars. In: Agron Jl 85:533–535CrossRef

Webber CL III (1994) Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) response to four grass control herbicides broadcast post-emergence. Weed Technol 8:457–460

Webber CL III, Bhardwaj HL, Bledsoe VK (2002) Kenaf production: fiber, feed, and seed. In: Janick J, Whipkey A (eds) Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria

Webber III CL, Bhardwaj HL, Bledsoe VK (1996) Kenaf product. Response of kenaf to nitrogen fertilization. In: Proceeding of the third national symposium. new crops, new opportunities, new technologies, pp 404–408

Weiland RT, Stuttle CA (1980) Concomitant determination of foliar nitrogen loss, net carbon uptake, and transpiration. Plant Physiol 65:403–406CrossRef

White GA (1969) A research for new fiber crops 12, Field yields of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). TAPPI 52(4): 565–659

White GA, Adamson WC, Higgins JJ (1971) Effect of population levels on growth factors in kenaf varieties. Agron J 63: 233–235

White GA, Higgins JJ (1965) Growing kenaf for paper. In: Proceeding of second international kenaf conference, Palm Beach, FL, pp 27–40

Whitely EL (1981) Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus (production, cultural practices, composition). In: Zaporsky OR, McLure TA, Lipinsky ES (eds) Handbook of biosolar resources. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, pp 259–266

Williams JH (1966) Influence of row spacing and nitrogen levels on dry matter yields of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Agron J 58:166–168CrossRef

Williams RL (1994) Genetic variation of the control of flowering in kenaf with emphasis on the ambiphotoperiodic response of cultivar Guatemala 4. Ind Crops Prod 2:161–170CrossRef

Wilson FD, Summers TE (1966) Reaction of kenaf, roselle, and related species of Hibiscus to root-knot nematodes. Phytopathology 56:687–690

Wood IM, Muchow RC (1980) Estimation of optimal rate of application of nitrogen for kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) harvested at different ages for paper pulp production. Tropical Agronomy Technical Memorandum. ISSN 0157-9711

Wood I, Angus JF (1976) Kenaf versus forests as a source of paper pulp. Aust For 39: 23–29

Yu Y (2004) The application of integrated control technique of kenaf root-knot nematode. Guangxi Agric Sci 1:24–25

Zegada-Lizarazu W, Monti A (2011) Energy crops in rotation, a review. Biomass Bioenergy 35:12–25CrossRef

Zhang F, Noe JP (1996) Damage potential and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1 on kenaf. Suppl J Nematol 28:668–675

Titel: Crop Management
verfasst von: E. Alexopoulou
Y. Papatheohari
D. Picco
N. Di Virgilio
A. Monti
Verlag: Springer London
Buch: Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5066-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4471-5067-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5067-1_4