This chapter offers an overview of digital currencies beginning with a background to the digitalization of money. The chapter then proceeds to discuss central bank issued digital currencies, a highly topical area of recent development, and issues surrounding the regulation of digital currencies. The second half of the chapter begins by providing the reader with a short history of ledgers and explains the differences between centralized and decentralized ledgers. Next cryptocurrencies are discussed in detail including issues surrounding their adoptions, and how they work including the various consensus algorithms employed to secure and validate cryptocurrency transactions.
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