Current Trends in Civil Engineering and Engineering Sciences 2024, Vol 2

Identifying damage to structures is extremely important, especially in the field of engineering maintenance, and experimental modal analysis is a powerful tool for detecting damage in the field of vibration. The current study presents a method for reliable damage detection in steel structures such as cantilever beams through the use of practical data for typical analysis, and different excitation techniques were used, such as the impact hammer test and shaker test. Later, pattern recognition artificial neural networks were used to predict and classify damage in terms of location and depth in the cantilever beam by using model analysis data represented by natural frequencies and differences in the deformation of mode shape. Through the results, it was shown that the artificial neural network method of pattern recognition is a promising method for predicting damage to structures, where the accuracy of classification ratio is 100% and 98% for two models of classification (damage depth and damage location). It also provides an alternative to current methods of diagnosing and discovering damage with high speed and accuracy. It provides a new perspective for designing pattern recognition schemes in ANN in the field of automation control.

This research investigates the structural behavior of hybrid beams made with lightweight concrete (LWC) and engineering cementitious compounds (ECC). The study focuses on evaluating the flexural strength of LWC beams made with recycled plastic waste materials and reinforced with ECC-containing steel fibers. A total of eight solid and hollow reinforced concrete beams were meticulously fabricated and subjected to flexural loading. The main variables encompassed the strengthening region specifically, whether the strengthening occurred in the compression and tension regions, hollow core existence, and the thickness of the ECC layer. The findings revealed a notable increase in the ultimate flexural strength of LWC beams with the incorporation of ECC. Moreover, beams hybridized in both compression and tension regions exhibited a more pronounced enhancement in flexural strength compared to those hybridized in the compression region only. The LWC beam partially strengthened ECC layer in the compression zone showed an increase in first crack load, and ultimate load capacity with (9.5 and 19.65) % respectively. The presence of ECC in the tensile zone offered higher ultimate load capacity, as it contributed to delaying the propagation of the crack. Also, enhanced the first crack resistance, ultimate loads, and deflection with (90.47, 41.3, and 60.4) % respectively. Ductility, the energy absorption capacity, and initial stiffness of the hybrid beams in the compression and tension zone showed enhancement by (111.7, 179, and 62.45) % respectively.

This experimental program presents the behavior of self-confinement in circular reinforced concrete columns subjected to axial load at a loading rate of 1 kN/sec. This work consists of eight columns in two groups according to the main reinforcement pattern with two control specimens. Parameter in this experimental study are the amount of conventional longitudinal reinforcement and the rectangular steel sections used as a substitute for conventional reinforcement, without the inclusion of stirrups with a transverse curved crown 10 mm for all specimens. The results showed that increasing the amount of longitudinal reinforcement and using the alignment technique led to an improvement in the ductility of the columns and an increase in the effective stress, as well as an increase in initial stiffness and stored energy. Moreover, a slight increase in the ultimate strength of the columns was observed. In addition, the use of rectangular steel sections improved strength capacity by 5.16%, effective stress by 96.5%, ductility by 29.7%, initial stiffness by 50.2%, and stored energy by 13.25%. The use of rectangular sections with the same cross-sectional area as the main rebar, instead of the main rebar, resulted in significant enhancements in the compressive behavior of confined columns. The application of new confinement technique successfully eliminates buckling in longitudinal reinforcement steel.

Engineers are finding it more difficult to manage technical projects in an economy that is growing more and more competitive, where efficient project planning and control methods are needed to meet clients’ contractual obligations. Technical goals must be met, and projects must be finished on time and within budget, according to successful project managers. An efficient project control system must be created, developed, and put into place in order to give management timely and reliable information about variations in time and cost parameters from the target objectives set throughout the project’s planning cycle. A method for project planning and control named Earned Value Management (EVM) offers indicators for schedule and cost performance. Among its advantages is the ability to see how the project is really progressing in relation to the budget, forecasts of expected project cost and schedule trends, as well as the capacity to promptly address any undesirable deviations. The fundamental procedures needed to apply Earned Value Analysis (EVA) effectively are outlined in the Earned Value Management System (EVMS). This method of measuring project performance has become prevalent in the building sectors of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and South Korea. Its use as a project control approach is uncommon in Iraq. The EVM System was used in this study to construct a highway track project in Iraq. This project has funding from the government. The scope of work for the contractor, schedule charts, work in progress reports, and budgeted and actual cost reports are all included in this document. The purpose of this case study is to provide a practical example of how artificial neural networks can be used to apply the Earned Value Management System (EVMS) to infrastructure projects in Iraq. This will make it simple for project managers to utilize EVA in order to manage the budget and timeline for their building projects.

A nation’s growth and development are closely and significantly correlated with the construction industry. Concurrently, increasing construction waste is produced because of population growth, the vast construction of buildings and infrastructure projects to keep up with living standards. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) generation is very important for preparing a proper plan for its management. This study aims to analyze the CDW produced in Iraq over five years. It shows the massive value of CDW generation in three provinces due to war. Iraq’s CDW generation increased from 87.95 kg/capita in 2018 to 135.34 kg/capita in 2022 when the war’s leftover waste was subtracted. The regression analysis predicts that in 2050, Iraq’s CDW generation will reach 430.66 kg/capita.

Strength after 28 days is considered a long time, mainly if errors occur during design or implementation, which lead to problems that are difficult to avoid and thus lead to economic losses and wasted energy. Therefore, researchers conducted numerous investigations using various methods to determine the compressive strength of concrete at an early stage and to ensure and control concrete quality. In the current research, many studies that relied on warm water and boiling water curing methods to predict compressive strength will be presented, along with an explanation of the most important results obtained and some conclusions that will be important for those who will work in this field and investigate the strength of concrete with these methods. In general, curing by the boiling water method gives higher strength than the warm water method, and it also provides higher compressive strength values compared to concrete that was treated by immersion in water at the same age.

This research provides an experimental examination of the bending behavior of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams under various conditions, followed by strengthening using Ultra-High-Performance Concrete UHPC. The research aims to understand the impact of fire on the residual mechanical attributes and bending responses of these beams across varying scenarios. It also gauges how much strength can be regained when reinforced with UHPC. The experiment involved fourteen simply supported reinforced concrete beams, each 1500 mm long, 100 mm wide, and 200 mm high. One of these beams served as a control, unaffected by any variables. The rest of the samples were split into five groups, distinguished by the amount of pre-loading while under fire, the fire’s temperature, and how many sides were exposed to the fire. The fire tests adhered to the ISO 834 and ASTM E119 standard time-temperature curves, considering the pre-load. Within each group, one specimen remained unreinforced, while the others were fortified using UHPC in two distinct methods: one in a U-shape and the other on the bottom side. All beams underwent a four-point bending test until they failed. For the beams, there was a decline in the ultimate load ranging from 18.57% to 46.01% when subjected to fire at temperatures of 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ respectively. Additionally, during fire exposure, the residual bearing capacity drastically declines as the load level rises. The U-shaped strengthening of fire-damaged beams amplified the load-bearing capacity by 194–354%, whereas bottom-sided strengthening increased it by 113–209%.

Corrosion of steel bars adversely affects the service life of reinforced concrete structures, causing serious cracks in the beams. Due to their corrosion resistance and high tensile strength, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars have gained popularity in recent years for reinforcing concrete members. Nevertheless, the lower elastic modulus of FRP reinforcement results in brittle behavior of elements strengthened with polymers. Therefore, hybrid reinforcement of FRP/steel bars is recommended in recently to address the corrosion problem of steel and lack of ductility of FRP. Additionally, to overcome the consumption of natural resources and pollution problems of traditional concrete, this study involves the use of Geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a feasible substitute for traditional Portland concrete, owing to its inherent characteristics in terms of strength, durability and CO2 emissions. In this study, a 3D finite element model is introduced to predict the flexural behavior of beams produced from Geopolymer concrete and reinforced with hybrid FRP/steel bars. The results of suggested FE model were assessed with experiments collected from the literature, giving a satisfactory level of agreement. The developed models were employed then to investigate the effect of concrete compressive strength and FRP material type. Statistically, it was determined that the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation between the measured failure loads and the FEM failure loads were, respectively, 0.98, 4.6%, and 4.8%. In addition, the findings of the FE analysis show that an increase in the concrete’s compressive strength leads to reduction in deflections.

Since a progression of science and technology in last decades, a number of traffic computer programs has been developed to help traffic engineers for simulating various existing road problems and examining future improvements of intersections. This software contributes important roles in the processes of analysis, evaluation, improvement and design of traffic junctions in terms of enhancement of level of service and congestion reduction. However, several limitations have been observed and discussed in the current article. These limitations need to be taken into consideration by professional engineers and other companies who are interested in the field of traffic engineering and development of simulation software. As a result, more data is needed to be collected for calibrating and validating the micro-simulation models.

The northern regions of the State of Iraq are famous for growing and consuming a large amount of walnuts, whether as a basic ingredient for breakfast or for making sweets. Therefore, large quantities of walnut shells (WSs) are produced annually in these areas. In this work, the coarse aggregate was once replaced with walnut shell waste, and the fine aggregate was replaced with this waste. From the results, a weight reduction is noticed since walnut shells have partially replaced the aggregate. For 50% WSs, the concrete weight decreased by a maximum of 9.14% and 8.82 for coarse and fine WSs, respectively. For concrete, the largest increases in strength metrics were 18.26% and 29.9% when 5% of the typical aggregate was replaced by 5% coarse and fine WSs, respectively. Based on the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) values, the reference mix and mixes contain 5 and 10 percent walnut shell aggregate, regardless of its grain gradation, which is among the good quality concrete, since the test values were greater than or equal to 4.

Recently, there has been increased interest in producing green concrete by replacing part of its components with materials produced from waste, including glass waste. Previous studies have proven its efficiency as a pozzolanic material. In this work, the effect of glass on reducing the effect of temperature on the deterioration of concrete properties was investigated. The cement was replaced by 10% and 15% glass waste powder (GWP). Adding glass has a slight effect on the test results, and the slump value is not greatly affected by the addition of glass. The compressive strength of all mixes drops after exposure to 400 and 600 °C. In this experiment, concrete with 10% GWP substitution performed better than ordinary concrete and 15% GWP at 400 and 600 °C. However, the rate of loss of tensile strength, especially in the case of flexural, is greater than the loss of compressive strength after exposure to a temperature of 600 °C. The rate of loss of strength in the case of concrete compressive strength ranged between 32% for 10% GWP and 38% for 15% GWP to 39% for the reference. While the rate of loss of strength in the case of concrete tensile strength ranged between 45% for 10% GWP and 50% for 15% GWP to 55% for the reference. It is evident that as the concentration of glass powder increases, the amount of water absorbed decreases at all l temperature levels. UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) values ​​dropped so sharply, especially at 600 ℃.

The purpose of this research is to recycle combined glass and plastic waste to produce ferrous concrete with improved properties and then use it to cast slabs and investigate its structural properties. A mixture of 10% glass waste as powder was used and 5% and 10% crushed plastic waste as fine aggregate. Twelve one-way slabs have been tested, and compressive and flexural strength. It seems that glass powder has little influence on the flow compared to the influence of plastic. Adding 10% glass powder raised the compressive strength from 25 for reference to 31.2 MPa. However, the compressive strength decreases when waste plastic is substituted for sand in specimens including and without glass powder; however, the strength of glass mixtures remains higher when compared to reference and specimens containing only plastic aggregate. Like compressive strength, the modulus of rupture decreased as the replacement level of plastic aggregate increased. Adding plastic alone helped improve the ductility of concrete but reduced the compressive strength. However, using glass with plastic in the same mixture has significantly improved the properties of concrete in terms of strength and energy absorption represented by increasing the area under the load-deflection curve. Regarding the effect of the type of mesh, it has no clear effect on the crack pattern, it can be compared to each slab of the aggregate reinforced with a square clamp to its counterpart and reinforced with a polygonal mesh, it can be found a similarity between the two patterns. It can be noticed that the number of cracks in slabs, especially those containing plastic aggregate, is higher than the reference and are also spread over a wider area.

Cost management is one of the most important measures of project success throughout the project’s lifecycle and is of high concern to those involved in the building rehabilitation project. The purpose of this research is to study the factors that affect the cost management of building rehabilitation projects and to find the relative importance index (RII) of each factor. The research methodology includes case studies, brainstorming, and expert interviews followed by questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 57 factors that are divided into six main groups: design and bill of quantities, planning and contract management, building characteristics, economic and financial, safety and environment, and project management. The results indicate that the most influential factors are the required quality standards with RII (84.9%), site visit to the building before the design process and preparation of the bill of quantity with RII (83.9%), availability of materials in the local market with RII (83.4%), number of floors in the building with RII (85.5%), building or project location with RII (85.4%), building condition with RII (85%), labor costs RII (86.7%) and currency exchange rate fluctuations (RII 87.1%). Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing the key factors affecting cost management in building rehabilitation projects.

The Baghdad city is expanding vehicles will soon be 3 million. The interchange is like a partial of a cloverleaf and part of another type of interchange, and it is considered a distinct and unique design in the world. The study evaluates the Baghdad Al-Jedida interchange congestion, the travel time the driver spends, and the traffic volume during rush hour (7:00–9:00 a.m. and 1:00–3:00 p.m.). Conduct a field survey to know the area’s nature and obtain information from the Amanat Baghdad. Collected field data in cooperation With the Public Traffic Department, using surveillance cameras, calculating the interchange dimensions through the Geographic Information Systems program (GIS), and using the PTV VISSIM program to analyze data. The current interchange design can’t accommodate the high traffic volume, and the level of service (LOS) for interchange was F and gas emissions from vehicles. The Maximum relative density is 92.90%, and the average travel time is 324.25 s. The study aims to reduce congestion at peak hours and improve the journey time. The level of service on the road with several solutions: Propose a new geometric design; heavy vehicle traffic during peak hours is forbidden. Transportation Demand Management (TDM) techniques are employed solutions used for both traffic volumes current and future after five years.

Any project management system aims to complete the work within the allotted budget, on schedule, and with the necessary level of quality. It is necessary to create a cautious schedule in order to meet the project deadline. Time contingency and project uncertainty are essential for proper scheduling because of the nature of distinct repeating construction projects. These elements should be integrated and adaptable to accept changes without negatively influencing the construction project’s total duration. Scheduling and planning techniques that are repeated are more significant and productive. But because of the growth of execution methods—which are essentially predicated on the idea that building projects are repetitively composed of identical production units they require ongoing development. In order to determine the factors influencing the planning and scheduling of repetitive projects in Iraq, the researcher created a questionnaire and used software (SPSS V22) to analyze the key factors affecting the questionnaire’s results. The researcher then conducted interviews with experts in the field to ascertain those factors. Identifying the crucial component that will be used to construct the mathematical model using nonlinear regression using the data gathered from the Brainstorming Technique. A mathematical model was created which included building a mathematical model to predict the time of repetitive construction projects using nonlinear regression in statistical program (SPSS version 22). The RCPT (A) model was NLR methods the best model with coefficient of determination R2 is 80.40% and 0.920 by using NLR.

In earlier earthquakes, irregular reinforced concrete building designs caused several failures. The irregular setback caused by the rapid drop in lateral dimension at specific altitudes might be harmful for constructions of varied heights. Engineers employ simplified nonlinear static analytical methods like pushover analysis to assess reinforced concrete structures due to their ease of use. Conventional pushover analysis covers low-rise buildings well. These approaches fail for medium- and high-rise buildings because their seismic performance depends on elements other than their basic mode shape. In response to this issue, several researchers have suggested advanced methods that consider the impact of higher-mode shapes. Nonetheless, there is a lack of scholarly research on the use of these techniques in the context of three-dimensional high-rise structures that exhibit irregular setbacks. This research performed a nonlinear pushover analysis on six models of medium- and high-rise buildings that had setback irregularities at various locations. In accordance with ASCE 7-22, the research used conventional pushover techniques, such as TLP, FLP, and ULP, and upper bound methods (MUB, EUB). The aim was to assess the suitability of these methods by comparing their results with the reference solutions of the Nonlinear Time History Analysis Method (NLTHA). The evaluation of the results was conducted by considering seismic demand criteria, such as lateral displacements, interstory drift ratios, and plastic hinge rotations. The EUB method was more accurate at finding interstory drift ratios for different types of irregular building models than the TLP, FLP, and ULP methods that are usually used for pushover analysis. The proposed method usually yields better and similar outcomes to NLTHA. Conventional approaches for predicting plastic hinge rotations at the top levels of 6- and 12-story building models failed. However, EUB and MUB accurately estimated plastic hinge rotations for irregular models.

Highways are a crucial infrastructure element for any city. It is important to maintain their high performance and plan the road network in a functional pattern. Spatial technologies, such as GIS, are particularly useful for integrating roadway data and enhancing their use and presentation for highway management and operation through the use of spatial relationships and maps. This paper presents a GIS-based system that serves as a platform for all aspects of the pavement management system (PMS) process. The resulting map system significantly enhances the maintenance process. The use of GIS technology is the most logical way to relate the diverse, yet relevant, data. This paper examines the condition of road sections in a selected area of Al-Muthanna governorate. The sections have varying condition states due to factors such as weathering, insufficient drainage, ageing, traffic load, and lack of routine maintenance. The overall condition index (OCI) is used to assess the state of each section on a scale of 1 to 10, with most sections falling below 5. The paper presents two strategies for maintaining and inspecting the network that highway agencies and road engineers could adopt to save money and extend pavement life in a functional manner. Also, providing strategies of maintenance for each section with the help of ArcGIS software, encourages those skilled with road maintenance to establish priorities and adding updates into the map. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of recording all road information, including construction details, distress type and severity, and maintenance and rehabilitation processes, to inform future actions.

Segregation within structural elements such as beams presents a prevalent issue, negatively affecting their strength and durability and thus compromising the overall integrity of the structure. To counter such weaknesses, especially after concrete surpasses its no-back point, various rehabilitation methods are available. These techniques have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to avoid extensive rebuilding or redesigning of structures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of grouting material in rehabilitating segregated sections in reinforced concrete beam specimens. For this purpose, a control beam and three segregated beams treated with grouting material were prepared. Results indicated that despite rehabilitation efforts, the grouting material failed to fully restore the segregated beams to their original condition. The ultimate strength of the MB-G-40, EB-G-40, and MB-G-100 specimens decreased by 59.27%, 66.85%, and 67.4%, respectively, even after rehabilitation.

This research presents an experimental investigation of the enhancement stiffness in R.C two-way slabs using slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). This study looks at how distribution of the SIFCON layer, and the steel fiber volume fractions in the tension zone in hybrid two-way slab systems affects their flexural mode. Seven identical slabs measuring 1000 × 1000 × 80 mm tested as part of the study; one slab casted with normal concrete as a reference, and the other six casted as hybrid reinforced concrete slabs (normal strength concrete with SIFCON). The slabs differed in the volumetric ratio of steel fibers but were the same size overall. The volume fraction (vf) of steel fibers used were 6 and 9%. All hybrid slabs had a uniform thickness of the SIFCON layer of 20 mm in the tension zone, with a different layout of the SIFCON layer from slab dimensions. Two slabs were casted with a layer of SIFCON applied with dimensions 1000 × 1000 × 20 mm, and two slabs were casted with a layer of SIFCON applied in the form of three strips on each side, with a 50 mm width, while the last two slabs were casted with a layer of SIFCON applied in the form of five strips on each side, with a 50 mm width. A square steel plate of 300 × 300 × 20 mm was used to apply the load, it was placed in the center of the slab. The slabs were tested as simply supported under static loads. The results demonstrated that when SIFCON was added to the two-way slabs, the stiffness values increased from 43.88 to 663.56% respectively.

Concrete that uses very less amount of energy in its production and it also produces very less carbon dioxide than our conventional type of concrete is called a sustainable concrete. Sustainable concrete construction is a step towards green and eco-friendly concrete construction practices to solve global environmental problems. The findings of a test program for the reinforcement against shear properties of continuous, unidirectional, flexible carbon-fiber polymer sheets attached to reinforced Pozzolime concrete (RC) beams are presented in this work. Nine Pozzolime concrete beams with dimensions (150 × 200) mm and length 1600 mm were used which satisfies partial replacement of cement by Pozzolanic materials at 50%. The resistance was seen to diminish as the Semi_Pozzolime (Replacing part of the cement with pozzolanic materials) was increased. After that, it was strengthened by adding a percentage of steel fiber in two different percentages 1.5 and 2%, reinforced beams with steel bar and with carbon fiber sheets (CFRB), placed around the beam in the shear area and at a vertical and inclined angle. The impact of various sheet layouts and combinations on the beams’ ultimate shear strength were investigated. According to the testing, RC beams can be strengthened in shear by using externally adhesively attached flexible carbon-fiber sheets. It was also noted that the strength rises with the amount of steel fiber across the beam section and the angle of the sheet layers. Of all the wrapping strategies that were investigated, inclined with 45-degree sheet offered the best reinforcing for concrete beams with steel fiber 2%.

The lack of clear guidelines for the design of structural members against unforeseen loads, such as impact and explosion, inspired researchers to fill this knowledge gap. The key focus of the current study is to investigate the flexural strength of composite beams under high strain rate, a widely utilized structural element in multi-story buildings and bridges. The Abaqus software was utilized to construct finite element models, which were then validated by comparing them to previously published laboratory findings. Subsequently, an extensive investigation was conducted to explore the specific parameters that notably affect the behavior of composite members, including slab thickness, concrete compressive strength, and impact velocity. The results from both the FE and experimental tests were closely aligned, exhibiting similar force and displacement patterns proving the numerical model's accuracy and reliability. The addition of a concrete slab significantly improved its ability to withstand impact by 50%. Also, this enhancement increases as the thickness of the slab rises. Finally, the response of the composite beam under high-strain loading is greatly affected by the impact velocity. In simpler terms, a decrease of approximately 20% in displacement was observed. Despite this, it was noted that there was only a slight 10% rise in internal moment with increasing velocity.

Columns are a critical component of public infrastructure, including buildings and bridges. They provide the crucial structural support needed to keep buildings upright. They are often caused by car accidents involving structural columns. These accidents may be intentional, as in the case of a suicide attempt or a terrorist act, or they can be unintentional, as when a driver loses control of the car or becomes distracted. A collision of this type could lead to failure of the column and structure, which could be fatal. Many efforts have been made in the literature to identify failure modes and evaluate the degree of vulnerability of steel column structures when subjected to lateral loads. This study presents an extensive analysis of the most recent reactions and failure modes of different kinds of steel columns when they are subjected to lateral impact loads. It is based on analytical, numerical, and experimental studies conducted by other research projects.

Reactive Powder concrete has become one of the most important types of concrete due to its perfect features in terms of strength and durability, in addition to its small sections compared to regular concrete, which provides enormous possibilities for multiple applications. In this study, the mechanical properties of multiple mixtures of this concrete were tested. They included many variables, namely three types of pozzolanic materials and two types of reinforcing fibers, in addition to three different percentages of fiber content. Also, high-quality plasticizers were used to obtain low percentages of water. The results were varied and can be summed up by the fact that some variables, such as the difference in fiber percentages, had a small effect on the examined properties, such as compressive strength, density test, and absorption test. The effect of other variables, such as the type of fibers and the type of pozzolanic materials, had a greater impact on the mechanical properties of these mixtures.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the performance of two groups of RC circular columns wrapped with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was studied under two different types of environments for a period of (4 months). The first group of RC columns was exposed to tap water (W), while the second group was exposed to sulfate solution (M) (15% MgSO4). The results of the study showed that the sulphate attack significantly decreased the strength of the unstrengthen columns by up to (14.29%), while its impact was less on the strength of the strengthened columns with (one CFRP layer) was (10.20%) compared with the columns under tap water. The effect of sulfate attack decreases as the number of layers of CFRP increases was (5.53%). Furthermore, increasing the number of CFRP layers of columns under (W) environment was studied, and the results showed that as the number of CFRP layers increased, this led to an increase in ultimate strength (12.70–22.31%) compared with the column (without CFRP).In addition, the use of CFRP shell led to enhancing the ultimate strength of the columns, ductility index, and stiffness significantly, so that it changed the failure mode for the better in comparison with the unstrengthen columns.

The study aims to clarify the influence of steel fiber ratios on hybrid eccentric R.C. columns with a 50 mm thick SIFCON layer, considering different reinforcement ratios (ρ1 = 0.0113 and ρ2 = 0.0226). The experimental program involved casting six specimens, two as reference columns with normal strength concrete only and four as hybrid reinforcement concrete with SIFCON, subjected to eccentric loading 30 mm away from the column's center to determine load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption. Test results revealed that using the SIFCON layer in the tension zone improved the strength and overall behavior of the specimens, with an increase in volume fraction. The maximum load increased by 63% in group A (ρ = 0.0226) and by 104% in group B (ρ = 0.0113) compared to unstrengthened NSC columns. The ductility index increased for all hybrid columns compared to the NSC control column, reaching 77% in group A and 225.7% in group B. Energy absorption also increased by 30% in group A and 67.4% in group B, while stiffness increased by 274.61% in group A and 613% in group B compared to the NSC control column.

The assessment of the bond strength and cohesion among various layers is an essential element in asphalt construction processes, as it directly influences the performance and stability of roads. This paper aims to investigate the interface bond between the overlay layer and the underlying layer with a modified stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) incorporating Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). Shear bond strength test was used to evaluate the performance of SAMI mixtures. Several blends of SAMI were prepared and tested at 25 ℃, where LDPE pellets were used as an additive to the controlling SAMI mixture in proportions of 2, 4, and 6%. For additional understanding, the relationship between shear strength and displacement was clarified, and the results showed a gradual improvement in the bonding process at the interface as the percentage of LDPE used increased up to 4% in terms of the total area under the curve, and up to 6% in term of highest shear strength. It was found that the greatest peak shear strength occurred when the mixture had a percentage of LDPE equal to 6%, which enhances interface bonds between asphalt layers. On the other hand, the area under the curve was calculated to characterize the relationship between shear strength and displacement and to assess the ability of the SAMI to absorb or mitigate the stresses before unbonding. The results showed that the 4% percentage of LDPE has the most significant area under the curve, which has the highest total area ​​before and after the peak (7.2 MPa/mm), which indicates the highest delay to unbond at the interface before crack initiation. It is worth mentioning that incorporating LDPE can enhance the SAMI ability in terms of bonding when the optimum percentage is carefully selected.

Asphalt concrete pavement considers as the most common type of road pavements. In recent times, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) characterization is improved by many additives to withstand the increase of traffic load and volume, further to the impact of weather conditions. This paper aims to evaluate the HMA properties using a waste material, namely, palm leaves fiber (PLF). The modified HMA was prepared by adding small balls (using Modified Dry Process (MDP)) with 2, 4, and 6% from weight of aggregate. These balls are blend of PLF with emulsion and other ingredients. However, the volumetric and mechanical properties (Marshall test, indirect tensile strength (ITS)) were utilized to evaluate the mixture mechanical and volumetric properties. The results disclose the effect of PLF in improving tensile strength up to 16%, and Marshall Stability up to 43%, while the other volumetric properties changes being almost within the limitations of the specification. It is worth mentioning that the modified HMA has mechanical strength at intermediate and high temperature better than of conventional HMA, which maintains the possibility of replacement the common environment harmful technology by sustaining one.

This experiment studies the bond strength between old (substrate) and many types of new (repair) concrete. The main aim of this study is to evaluate different approaches to ensure monolithic behavior and effective bonding. Also, evaluate the influence of differential stiffness and differential shrinkage at the interface of concrete layers cast at different ages. The investigation related to bonding strength consisted of studying the effect of many variables: surface preparation, type of bonding agent, age difference, and concrete type of new concrete. The slant shear test results show that, increasing the age of old concrete results in a corresponding decrease in the bonding strength and normal compression stress of the samples. The bonding strength decreases by 16.6, 25.4, and 28% for sample with old concrete age of 7days, 28days, and one year respectively, with respect to the sample with old concrete age of 3days. And, the failure mod of the samples of old concrete age group was the same, which is bond failure. Finally, the sample with SIKA has the highest value of bonding strength, while the sample with steel fibers has the lowest value of bonding strength. The bonding strength increases by 15.3, 40.6, and 44.3% for sample with new concrete of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), High Strength Concrete (HSC), and SIKA respectively, with respect to the sample with new concrete of steel fibers.

One of the most common methods for rehabilitating and improving the riding quality of rigid pavement is asphalt overlaying. However, inadequate bonding between concrete and overlay layers can negatively influence pavement performance. This paper aims to evaluate the shear-bond strength of the composite stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) comprising an asphalt blend reinforced with a fiber-glass grid layer. The shear-bond characteristics were performed using a proposed method, utilizing an inclined shear-bond strength test. This study discusses various testing parameters, including the existence of grid reinforcement, rigid base layer surface texture, and the number of grid reinforcement layers on asphalt interlayers. Various indices were assessed and evaluated for interlayer shear-bond strength: shear debonding capacity, shear debonding energy, and shear debonding stiffness. The results show that the rough surface concrete specimens exhibit higher debonding load capacity, total, pre-peak, and post-peak debonding energy, and stiffness compared to the smooth interface specimens. In addition, it has been noticed that increasing the number of reinforcement layers within SAMI enhances stiffness and total shear debonding energy, in contrast to decrease debonding load capacity. Also, it can be noticed that the addition of reinforcement layer can mitigate the adverse effect of the surface smoothness of concrete layer. The most important details that can be concluded from the results are the surface texture of the concrete specimen's interface, the existence of reinforcement in the interlayer, and the number of reinforcement layers significantly affecting the interlayer's shear-bond strength.

To accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities, and towns must develop their sufficient and efficient off-street infrastructure parking infrastructure. One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximize car parking capacity by utilizing vertical space, rather than expanding horizontally. The study aims to assess the multi-story parking characteristics such as turnover, occupancy, duration, efficiency index, accumulation, and parking load. The study area included a commercial place as well as medical clinics, and it was very crowded throughout the week. The License-plate method was used to collect data, this was done by installing a video camera on the four floors during the busiest days of the parking. After analyzing the data and extracting the characteristics of the parking area, it was found that the average Efficiency Indexes for the whole parking area was 64.87 veh/h, the Average duration was 2.95 h, the total accumulation was 2153, the total parking load was 538.25 and the average occupancy was 64.88. The final results showed that parking was inadequate in performance due to the Efficiency index being above 50% and close to capacity due to average occupancy.

With infrastructure and economic problems, Iraq has special challenges relative to managing building rehabilitation costs. This research aims to identify those factors and accurately determine the weights by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a prioritized tool. A literature review, case studies, consultations with experts, and questionnaires were used to identify and categorize 57 factors into six categories. The study offers useful insights for decision-makers in the construction industry by showcasing the efficacy of AHP in impartially evaluating the relative importance of these factors. Building characteristics are found to have the highest weight (0.306) in the results of the AHP analysis, highlighting their importance in cost management choices. Prioritizing elements for building rehabilitation cost management in Iraq also involves safety and environmental considerations (0.093), project management issues (0.170), design and bill of quantities issues (0.220), and planning and contract management elements (0.155).

A roundabout is an intersection in which traffic flows around a central island. Traditional multi-lane roundabouts have many branch lanes without traffic signs, leading to a high tendency for traffic collisions. This paper uses a traffic simulation study by using Vehicle trajectories from the micro-simulation model (VISSIM) software and exporting them to the Substitute Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) to predict traffic conflicts at three sites of four-legged roundabouts in the city of Karbala (Iraq). When the model was calibrated, the mean absolute error of prevention (MAPE) decreased, the fit between the simulated and actual conflicts improved, and Geoffrey E. Haven (GEH) statistic values were less than 5.0 at each exit and entry to the study roundabouts. The study’s traffic safety evaluation includes time-to-collision (TTC) as a traffic conflict indicator. Up to 86% of all crashes were rear-end conflicts, the most common in all locations. The intensity of the disputes has led to the classification of Saeed Al Asar as a medium-risk roundabout, with a TTC of 1.01 s, and Al Mohafada and Al-Tarbia as high-risk roundabouts, with TTC of 0.87 and 0.92 s., respectively.

The Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) is a collection of assessment tools for assessing the safety conditions in transportation facilities, this paper aims to fill the gap in using the predicted approach to evaluate roadway safety performance in Iraq by applying the modern analytical methods in IHSDM software for the safety assessment. IHSDM was applied to three distinct sites of four-leg signalized urban intersections. The necessary data for IHSDM included geometric design data, traffic control data, and traffic volume data. Using Google Earth and AutoCAD Civil 3D-2021, the geometric design (including profile elevation, horizontal alignment, and cross-section) was recreated. These essential data were then imported into IHSDM as a Land XML file. The output consisted of a Crash Prediction Evaluation report, which included predicted crash frequencies, crash rates, percentages of predicted crashes, crash type distribution at intersections, predicted travel crash rates, and a summary of predicted intersection crash rates and frequencies by year. The results revealed that the percentage of predicted crashes changed over time: FI% decreased while PDO% increased at the same site. Rear-end collisions were the most common type of predicted crashes for all sites. Site (1) was classified as a more hazardous intersection, with predicted crash frequencies of 4.87 crashes per year. In contrast, Site (3) was considered a less dangerous intersection, with predicted crash frequencies of 4.11 crashes per year. Although the proposed safety evaluation process can be extended, this paper specifically focuses on the safety performance of urban signalized intersections, serving as a valuable reference for road safety research.

Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) contract have been garner a lot of attention to meet the massive request of Housing projects. The purpose of this study was to find the Weights of factors affecting of public private partnership financing in Residential complexes. Stepwise Weight - Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is one of the strategies used in multi criteria decision making (MCDM). The weights of the main factors and sub factor affecting of PPP financing were evaluated by SWARA.Results showed weighing of factors affecting of PPP financing that PPPs is one of the plausible ways to reduce the housing crisis, most important factors were (Economic, Banking and Financial) of weigh (0.32) due to the importance of these factors for partnership projects, where the goal of partnership is reduce the burden of costs on the state and provide houses. Experts mentioned that the least important factors were Administrative and regulatory arrangements factors of weight (0.12) because the investors were previously coordinated with the state to facilitate many administrative procedures. The research was focused on the Diyala government in analyzing factors affecting of PPP financing. It focused on Planning Department and other departments of Diyala Governorate; Ministry of Construction and Housing; Residential Complexes in Diyala government.

The construction of smart cities is an imperative trend for high-quality urban development and represents a crucial solution to various problems that afflict urbanization, such as population growth pressure, resource scarcity, environmental degradation, and economic frailty. To create a smart city, it is essential to gain a profound understanding of the evolution and experiences of urban development and have a clear grasp of the concept, emphasis, and developmental trajectory of smart cities, With the continuous improvement of technology, economy and society, the driving force of new generation informatic technologies is able to develop smart applications and establish a new and sustainable city model. Globally, many approaches are undertaking to upgrade cities as “smart”. However, despite gaining momentum in equating the term “smart” with cities, there is no “one “universally accepted model of smart cities till date. This paper reviews the theoretical construct of smart cities from the infinite and multi-dimensional definitions of smart cities to underscore its fundamental concept and implication. In addition, identified the key factors involved in the construction of the smart city projects, it is observed that smart cities as a concept have evolved from a narrow perspective of integrating innovative technology towards building intelligent infrastructure, into a more intricate urban system that calls for social and institutional participation. In addition, we propose a concise definition for smart cities: “Smart cities use digital technologies, communication technologies, and data analytics to create an efficient and effective service environment that improves urban quality of life and promotes sustainability”, and found that the construction smart cities project effect on six factors and many criterial that can use to insure implementation sustainable smart cities. Finally, Smart cities represent a promising avenue for urban development. As cities continue to grow and face increasingly complex challenges, the integration of advanced technologies and data-driven solutions can help to create more sustainable communities.

Recently, the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) the assessment of effected risk factors construction industry has got a wide range of acceptance due to its positive impact in all stages of the project life cycle, Consequently, project teams collaborate to share solutions effectively. Using BIM by the project team in the early stage helps to get a better insight into project effected risk factors requirements. However, this paper aims to assessment of effected risk factors the engineer’s perspective on implementing BIM impact through the construction project life cycle (PLC), measuring the awareness level of BIM to evaluate the Iraqi construction sectors toward BIM adoption. The results showed that only 10% of projects currently apply BIM to assessment of effected risk factors. It was noted that BIM produced a little difference between Training and Testing (RII) is 0.012%,0.011and 0.0097. The technique was applied to a dataset of 10 construction projects so the result it produces are most reliable. Finally, the ignorance of BIM assessment of effected risk factors due to the lack of expertise among the project team ranked as the highest obstacle that restricts BIM purplish. These needs increasing education and training among all project players in Iraqi construction projects.

The research aims to know the how the effects risk factors can assessment of construction projects where this phenomenon was touched to the effects to the project from the Cost, Time and Quality, from the evaluating in benefiting from the project to an increase in the knowledge. Due to the disputes that occur construction projects, and sometimes the poor quality of the work due to the acceleration of work in order to reduce the delay after the end of the project time as a result of the prosecution of the reasoning. This study explored the important factors affecting project from the Cost Time and Quality in the context of the construction sector in Iraq. It will be Important to enhance training in detail projects planning and schedule, and during the construction phase carefully control budget and material orders to ensure business continuity within the planning, it will also be interesting developing and implement integration model between the professionals involved, objectively define role and implementing them in the most approximate manner; In addition, it will benefit for implementing projects modeling techniques that allow the designs and construction works of relevant professionals to combined and to get ideas of the final result, identifying potential risk. Currency fluctuation since they can't be controlled, must consider as a relevant point with in the contingency margins, which again corresponds to good initial planning. It should be useful to focus efforts on fighting corruption and fraudulent practice in construction project, which hinder the process of developing countries, the different between this research and previous studied is to find a bridge between evaluation program and traditional evaluate project management concepts and develop a framework for the management of construction projects based on concept. It has been found that BIM maturity lies at a zero level. Finally, it was noted that testing average (RII) is 0.87%, 0.93, and 0.79 The technique (RII) was applied to a dataset of 10 construction projects so the result it produces are most reliable.

Due to the availability of its raw resources, gypsum is one of the essential building materials and is widely available in Iraq. The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of gypsum. In order to investigation of the impact of these, two types of fibers, glass fiber, and polypropylene fibers with specific amounts of each were employed to various gypsum paste formulation. This study has examined the effects of addition of various materials, glass and polypropylene fibers with (1.5,3) % by volume. Compression and modulus of rupture test were then performed. When adding glass fibers to the gypsum, it was found that the optimal percentage of addition was 1.5% as a volumetric percentage of the gypsum as this percentage of addition gives a significant increase in the modulus of rupture by 45.7% and slight development of compressive strength by 13.07%. The mixtures with polypropylene fibers, it was found that the optimal percentage of addition was also 1.5% as a volumetric percentage of the gypsum. This percentage of addition gives a significant increase in the modulus of rupture about 30.63% compared to other simple development compressive strength by 3.01%.

Current study, which is descriptive-analytical in nature, attempts to identify the strength and weakness of housing sector in Baghdad city as well as offer practical solutions for achieving sustainable development in the housing sector in Iraq. Documental analysis, field research, and interviews with authorities and stakeholders in the housing policy making sector (ministry of construction and housing, and ministry of planning) are used as data collection methods. The SWOT strategic model is used to analyze data collected and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) used to determine appropriate strategies. Eleven external factors that have an impact on the housing sector in Iraq identified and classified to six opportunities factors and five threats factors, in addition to ten internal factors classified to four strength factors and six weakness factors. According to the results of an analysis of those internal and external factors, fifteen strategies are determined and recommended to reduce the housing shortage and step forward to sustainable housing sector.

This study involves the design and thermal simulation of an induction power controller (IPC) based on the perturb and observe method, aiming to enhance its performance and reliability for industrial applications such as induction hardening for metals, annealing, tempering. This work is focusing on the induction hardening for steel and iron. The IPC regulates the power supply to induction heating systems commonly used in welding, brazing, and other heat treatment processes. The investigation encompasses the formulation of design principles, computation of key components, and assessment of thermal behavior under various conditions using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Additionally, optimization measures for IPC design are provided to ensure effective heat dissipation and temperature stability. The findings contribute to the development of dependable and long-lasting IPCs, offering enhancements such as increased performance and extended lifespan. The study also observes the impact of different components, such as using MOSFET and IGBT switches. Noting that the utilization of application of MOSFET resulted in presence of higher frequencies and temperature: when IGBT is run the frequency is 48 kHz, and when MOSFET is run it reaches about 72 kHz. The copper-liner copper output-voltage graph has an increasing tendency with voltage application. The thermal diagnostics expose that steel produces 681 degrees Celsius, and cast-iron yields 328 °C. MOSFT gave a result of 681 °C, IGBT being the prototype under consideration for its lifespan since the MOSFET needs a cooling system for the long-time usage.

Stress shielding occurs when metallic orthopedic implants have an elastic modulus that is 6–12 times higher than cortical bone; as a result, the bone at the implantation site atrophies due to decreased mechanical strain and may eventually fracture. Adding pores to an implant significantly decreases its modulus, and powder metallurgy can create titanium alloys with pores. Improved pore size and process variable control at lower temperatures and with fewer constraints on chemical reactivity. Titanium was selected because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, low elastic modulus, superior corrosion resistance, durability, osteointegration capabilities, and biocompatibility. Porous titanium alloys have been studied, and their physical and mechanical properties have been compared to those of bone. This study aims to determine how adding different amounts of Tellurium (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 wt%) to the Ti6Al4V alloy changes its mechanical and physical properties. All alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy technique; the compact pressure was determined to be 800 MP, and the green samples were sintered at 350 ℃ for 1 h, then at 550 ℃ for 1 h, and at 1000 ℃ for 2 h in an inert gas (of Argon), then the samples were cooled in the furnace to room temperature. The microstructure was observed using a light optical microscope. The fabricated titanium samples had a porosity of 1.41 to 30% and a compressive strength of 744.45 to 239.19 MPa, which is close to the compressive strength of human bone (cortical).

Electrical power generation using hydroelectric methods is a good source of energy. Therefore, this research will address the manufacture of a complete generation system using a single-axial Archimedes screw to take advantage of the tidal phenomenon, especially in the Umm Qasr Canal area in southern Iraq, noting that the tidal value of this canal is about 5 m. The experimental aspect of this study can be divided into three basic sections: a section that deals with mechanical components, a section that deals with electrical components, and a section that deals with control components. Among the results of this research is that the manufactured system was balanced during rotation and had a good torque in proportion to the diameter of the rotating screw. This system is distinguished from previous systems in that it generates electricity continuously during the tide, and the generating parts are floating, as is the gearbox, and the remaining parts are submerged in water. The system was protected from the salinity of this navigation channel by cathodic protection as well as protection with marine dyes. This research was characterized by the use of two planetary gearboxes, and finally, two passive magnetic bearings were used, which are characterized by high balance, as well as requiring no oil and maintenance. From the research results, the best part for entering water is the lower point of the water entry pipe. The electrical generation system using the simulation reaches a maximum of 40 V.

Many countries face food consumption and energy source issues. Direct production and consumption control are critical due to various factors. Many studies advocate food preservation as a crucial means to reduce post-harvest crop losses, with drying being a prominent method. By using Transys software, the annual performance of tomato drying inside the greenhouse Dryer was evaluated under Karbala, Iraq’s conditions during months (October2023, November2023) to ascertain drying outcomes The experiments were conducted at air mass flow rate of 10.26 kg/hr. and a thickness of 10 mm for three different conditions. The first condition involved no phase change material usage, while the second condition utilized a basin made of aluminum containing phase change material. As for the third condition, the basin was left empty to test the thermal storage of aluminum. In addition to two other experiments each of with a different velocity’s applied (13.68, 17.1) kg/hr. without the use of a phase change material and the basin containing the aluminum, in order to compare the best air mass flow rate for the drying process. The use of paraffin wax aims to enhance the drying efficiency, leading to an increase in the temperature of the device. Consequently, this enhances the drying efficiency and prolongs the drying time.

Samples of electrical contact alloy (Cu-7Ag) without and with an addition of 4%Vf of Y2O3 were prepared via powder metallurgy route. The green compacts of the samples were sintered at 850 ℃ for 4 h. The heat treatments included homogenization at 777 ℃ for one hours, quenching in ice-water, and aging at 400 ℃ for 8 h. A pressure of 825 MPa was used to squeeze the alloy samples at room temperature, 400 ℃, and 600 ℃. Many Tests have been done before and after the thermo-mechanical treatments to study its impact on metallurgical, mechanical and electrical properties of the samples. The results indicated that the hot squeezing at 600 ℃ and the 4% Vf of Y2O3 addition evolved the best enhancement in physical and mechanical properties of the studied electrical contact material. By squeezing at 600 ℃: the hardness of the base alloy was improved by 39%, the electrical conductivity was improved by 31%, and the porosity reduces by 54% while, the grain size reduced by 58% and the wear rate reduces by 90%. Adding 4% Vf of Y2O3 enhanced the hardness and the electrical conductivity by 51% and 25% respectively. In addition, it reduced the porosity by 43%, the grain size and the wear rate by 83% and 85% respectively.

The most promising approach to accomplishing these objectives has been determined to be using ceramic thermal barrier coatings. Owing to the wide variety of materials and methods available, it’s essential to know which material is appropriate for depositing and what method is used to finish the process. This research will investigate some materials, such as insulating materials composition [( $${Al}_{2}{o}_{3}$$ Al 2 o 3 +Ti $${o}_{2}$$ o 2 ), Zr $${o}_{2}$$ o 2 ] that are coated on these pipes. According to research aluminum can withstand high temperatures without affecting structure, titanium is highly resistant to oxidation and erosion, making it perfect for use in corrosive applications but aluminum oxide has good erosion resistance, making it suitable for use in conditions with humidity. While titanium appears to be lightweight when compared with its strength, making it easier to utilize in thermal insulation applications without significantly increasing weight. The efficient thermal insulation that Zirconia offers prevents heat from escaping pipes into the ocean, so at high temperatures, the chamber keeps its chemical and thermal stability, enhancing the thermal insulation’s useful life, although zirconium and titanium are more effective at isolating against thermal than aluminum oxide, it is still excellent offers a solid surface. Titanium oxide’s high temperature makes it an excellent thermal insulator. However, zirconium because it can withstand high temperatures and still offer sufficient insulation, is one of the best materials for thermal insulation. To better isolate the superheated steam carrier tube in thermal power plants, The following tests are practical for coating materials: X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmittance infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), Fourier atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), characteristics of thermal conductivity, corrosion, U.V. protection, coatings thickness, microhardness, and adhesive strengths, porosity, density and contact angle show the researchers SEM offers crystal clear images of insulating material’s microstructure and surface morphology. AFM provides extensive topographical information on the surface of the insulation and may show surface roughness, which affects the material’s adhesion and heat conductivity. It can also indicate the existence of any flaws, such as fractures or cavities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) can reveal the existence of certain phases or crystallographic modifications that could impact mechanical and thermal characteristics. Porosity analysis aids in determining the material’s density, thermal conductivity, and overall insulation performance. UV spectroscopy can provide details about the material’s optical characteristics and any deterioration from UV exposure. The examination of the contact angle evaluates the wetting behavior of insulating material and can reveal whether the material is hydrophilic or hydrophobic, which can impact its thermal performance and resistance to moisture. One of the key strategies for achieving this goal is thermal insulation, which focuses on using low-thermal conductivity materials like ceramic. The coating is to create a layer that is effective and suitable for depositing on pipes to raise the insulated carbon steel pipe and stop heat from escaping from the pipe in gas stations in Hilla, the new coating layer should have an excellent thermal reduction and be reasonably priced. Coatings enhance insulation and thermal insulation.

The aim of this work is to synthesize PMMA nano-composite samples using electrospun nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol. The use of one, two, and three layers of nanofiber reinforcement was made. In addition, 0.01 g cardamom oil were utilized. Thermal properties test to limit the Tg and dissociation points, were conducted using a differential calorimeter. The mechanical tests involving compression strength, yield point, Elastic modulus and elongation properties were performed. A test for impact strength was also performed. FTIR analysis was used to identify the used materials contact angle test was also performed. Results of FTIR analysis showed there are no chemical interactions between the nanofibers and the PMMA matrix. DSC results proved that the Tg point increased from 136 to 195 ℃ with the inclusion of nanofibers, and the decomposition temperature point was found about 277 ℃. The impact strength increased with increasing the nanofibers ratios, and it increased even more when nanocomposites were mixed with (0.01 g) of cardamom oil. Furthermore, the presence of nanofibers and a drop of cardamom oil leads to don’t easy break samples. It also showed that the sample with 0.02 wt% of the nanofibers had a maximum impact strength value of 195 kJ/m2. Contact angle test proved that the hydrophilicity nature increases with increasing the weight percent of PVA nanofibers.