2. Data-Driven Attack Modeling Using Acoustic Side-Channel

Cyber-physical systems consist of a tight integration between computational, communication, and physical components. Due to this, most of the information in the cyber-domain manifests in terms of physical actions (such as motion, temperature change, etc.). However, this interaction may make the system vulnerable to physical-to-cyber domain attacks. These attacks affect the confidentiality of the system by utilizing the physical actions, which are governed by energy flows. Some of these observable energy flows unintentionally leak information about the cyber-domain. These information leaking observable energy flows are known as the side-channels. Side-channels such as acoustic, thermal, and power allow attackers to acquire the information without actually leveraging the vulnerability of the algorithms implemented in the system. In this chapter, we will demonstrate how a data-driven approach can be utilized to model an attack using acoustic side-channel. As a case study, we take cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems (fused deposition modeling based 3D printer) to demonstrate how the acoustic side-channel can be used to breach the confidentiality of the system.